Respiratory System

Respiratory System

Respiratory System• Nose

– produces mucus, warms, moistens, and filters air, and resonance chamber for speech

• Pharynx– passage way for air and food

• Trachea– air passageway warms, moistens and cleans air

• Bronchial Tree– Air passageway warms, moistens and cleans air- connects trachea with

alveoli• Alveoli

– Main sites of gas exchange- CO2 and O2• Lungs

– house respiratory passages smaller than the bronchi• Pleurae

– Produce lubricating fluids and compartmentalize the lungs

Respiratory System

• Anatomy of the Respiratory System

1. Nasal MeatusesPassageways created by the conchae

2. NasopharynxAir (only) passageway, traps pathogens

3. OropharynxAir and food passageway

4. LaryngopharynxAir and food passageway

5. EsophogusFood passageway

6. Nasal Conchae(Turbinates) slow down inhaled air, allowing it to be warmed and moistened

7. NostrilWarm air on inhalation, and retain moisture on exhalation

8. EpiglottisSeals off the entrance to the larynx so food does not enter trachea

9. Trachea passageway for inhaled/exhaled air

Respiratory System1. The function of the larynx is:

Contains vocal folds and ligaments that produce voice sounds

2. The larynx consists of:Cartilages: thyroid, cricoid, paired arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform; and the epiglottis, which is elastic cartilage

3. What happens with the vocal ligaments?

vibrate as air passes over them to produce sound

4. What occurs during voice production?

release of expired air and the opening and closing of the glottisSome voices are deeper than others due to the thickness and length of vocal folds, genetics, age

5. The role of the glottis is?closes to prevent exhalation and the abdominal muscles contract, causing intra-abdominal pressure to rise

Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Respiratory System1. Thorax

Rib cage, sternum (anterior), ribs (lateral), spinal column (posterior)

2. Thoracic cavityProtected by thorax, contains respiratory organs

3. MediastinumCavity w/in the thoracic cavity that contains trachea, heart, and esophagus

4. DiaphragmMuscle that rises and falls during breathing(inferior portion of Thoracic cavity)

5. Pleural CavityContains both lungs

6. PleuraA double layered membrane (secretes fluid)

7. Visceral pleuraLayer next to the lung surface

8. Parietal pleuraNext to the wall of the thorax

9. Pleural spaceNarrow area between the 2 layers

10. Pleural fluidSlippery fluid that allows the layers to pass each other smoothly during expansion and contraction

Respiratory SystemPhysiology

• RespirationBreathing in and out

• InhalationBreathing in (inspiration)

• ExhalationBreathing out (expiration)

• Respiratory control centersIn brain, regulates the depth and rate of breathing

• Phrenic nerveReceives nerve impulses to control diaphragm (involuntary)

• Intercostal musclesMuscle between the ribs

• EupneaNormal depth and rate of respiration

Respiratory SystemPhysiology

• VentilationMovement of air in and out of the lungs

• External respirationOxygen from the alveoli to the bloodCarbon dioxide from blood into the alveoli

• Gas TransportOxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the heart, then pumped throughout the body to reach every cell

• Internal respirationOxygen moves from the blood into cellsCarbon dioxide from cells into the blood

• Cellular respirationOxygen used by cells to produce energy during metabolism- carbon dioxide is waste product

Respiratory SystemPhysiology

Respiratory System• What shape is the

hemoglobin molecule?The shape of a globe

• Carbon dioxide is carried in what 3 forms in the blood?– On the hemoglobin

molecule– In the form of

bicarbonate ions– As carbon dioxide in the

blood

• On average, a person breathes how much in a lifetime?300 million times

• In a day?23,000 per day

• Pints of air per minute?13 pints/ minute

• Gallons of air in a lifetime?75 million gallons