THE COLD WAR

(1945-1992)

START OF THE COLD WAR

• The United States, Britain, and France (The Allies had freed their part of Germany to form West Germany. The Soviet Union kept East Germany and East Berlin Communist and under their control.

START OF THE COLD WAR

• The division between Soviet and Free Europe was known as the IRON CURTAIN

START OF THE COLD WAR

SOVIET EXPANSION

• The Soviet Union led Communist Revolutions in Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. These were added to Poland and East Germany. The Soviet Union organized to form the Warsaw Pact in Eastern Europe.

SOVIET EXPANSION

• Warsaw Pact – The Military Alliance between the Eastern European nations under Soviet control.

• The nations under soviet control were also known as the Communist Bloc

SOVIET EXPANSION

THE AMERICAN RESPONSE

• The Americans and their Allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.).

• President Truman released the Truman Doctrine that said that Communism would not be allowed to spread any more (Called CONTAINMENT).

THE AMERICAN RESPONSE

• NATO – The Nations of Western Europe that allied themselves with the United States to prevent the spread of Communism.

• Truman Doctrine – Truman used military alliances and foreign aid to prevent the spread of communism in Europe and the Middle East.

SPREAD OF COMMUNISM

• Communist Revolutions in China, Cuba, North Korea, North Vietnam as well as growing Communist movements in Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East.

SPREAD OF COMMUNISM

SPREAD OF COMMUNISM

• Domino Theory – The fear that Communist revolutions would spread throughout Southeast Asia.

NUCLEAR MISSILES

• The United States and The Soviet Union built Nuclear Missiles hundreds of times bigger than the Fat Man or Little Boy. They both put them in Bombers, Submarines and Silos. Together they could destroy the whole World 7 times in a few hours. (Mutually Assured Destruction)

NUCLEAR MISSILES

• M.A.D. – Mutually Assured Destruction – The belief that the more nuclear weapons that each side had, the more likely it was that no one would use them.

NUCLEAR MISSILES

NUCLEAR MISSILES

• ICBM – Intercontinental Ballistic Missile – Missiles launched into a low orbit that come down on the other side of the earth.

BERLIN BLOCKADE

• (1948, Truman) - The Western part of Berlin was still a part of West Germany. The Soviet Union shut down all transportation to Democratic West Berlin. America organized an airlift to get supplies to West Berlin by plane. A wall was built to divide East and West Berlin.

BERLIN BLOCKADE

• Berlin Wall – Prevented citizens from East Berlin from escaping to West Berlin.

BERLIN BLOCKADE

• Berlin Airlift – The United States sent supplies to the citizens of West Berlin.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

• (1962, Kennedy) - Fidel Castro took over Cuba and made it Communist. The Soviet Union began to put Nuclear Missiles on Cuba. John F. Kennedy threatened war and blockaded Cuba. The Soviet Union took their missiles off of Cuba.

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS

• Cuban Missile Crisis – The U.S. was concerned that nuclear missiles would be stationed off the coast of Florida.

KOREAN WAR

• (1950-1953, Eisenhower) - After World War II the Northern half of Korea (North Korea) was Communist and the Southern half (South Korea) was Democratic.

KOREAN WAR

• The Chinese backed North Korea in invading South Korea.

KOREAN WAR

• The United States and United Nations protected South Korea and the boarder did not change.

KOREAN WAR

• South Korean territory was recaptured and a Demilitarized Zone established between North and South Korea. This zone was along the 38th parallel (latitude).

KOREAN WAR

• DMZ – The several mile zone between North and South Korea is completely uninhabited.

VIETNAM WAR

• (1965-1975, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon) - Communist rebels in South Vietnam (the Viet Cong) wanted to make South Vietnam Communist and reunite with Communist North Vietnam. They started fighting in 1955.

VIETNAM WAR

• The United States started sending troops to protect South Vietnam. (President John Kennedy)

• The Tonkin Gulf Resolution: Congress Voted to give President Johnson authority to use the military in Vietnam (President Lyndon Johnson)

VIETNAM WAR

• Viet Cong – Communist rebels in wanting to change the government in South Vietnam.

• Ho Chi Minh - The Leader of Viet Cong.

• Tonkin Gulf Resolution – An Act of Congress giving authority to LBJ to attack North Vietnam.

VIETNAM WAR

• The Tet Offensive: A Series of attacks on South Vietnam by North Vietnam.

VIETNAM WAR

• The United States withdrew after gaining no ground in 10 years. The North immediately took over South Vietnam, making one Communist Vietnam. (President Richard Nixon)

END OF THE COLD WAR

• The Soviet Union began to collapse and the Government began to give the people more freedom. Soon they led a revolution that ended the Soviet Union and left Russia and all the other nations it controlled as independent nations.

Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991)

END OF THE COLD WAR

• GERMAN REUNIFICTION - East and West Germany became one country and the Berlin Wall was torn down.

END OF THE COLD WAR