John OSullivan Newspaper Editor Coins the Phrase Manifest
Destiny in 1845 "(It is)..our manifest destiny to over spread and
to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us
for the development of the great experiment of liberty"
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Moses Austin 1820: He receives permission from Mexican
government to establish a colony in Texas He is granted 200,000
acres and permission to bring 300 settlers. Unfortunately he dies
on the return trip to begin recruiting settlers.
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Moses Austin
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Stephen Austin Son of Moses Austin Takes over responsibility of
organizing the colony in Texas Austin and his handpicked settlers
begin to arrive in December of 1821 This original group of settlers
is known as: The Old Three Hundred
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Stephen Austin Father of Texas
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Republic of Texas Over the next decade, nearly 25,000 more
settlers come to Texas Upset the Mexican government based on the
original agreement limiting the number of settlers allowed. 1833:
Stephen Austin meets with Santa Anna requesting permission for
Texas to become a separate state of Mexican Republic Austin is
detained until 1835
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Oct 1835 Fighting breaks out at the Battle of Gonzalez Sam
Houston is appointed Commander-in-Chief of Texas forces Stephen
Austin goes to D.C. as representative of Texas
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Sam Houston Commander of Texas forces President of the Republic
of Texas
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Battle of the Alamo Feb 23-Mar 6 1836 Location of old Spanish
Mission Santa Anna (Dictator/Military commander) puts the Alamo in
siege status 6000 Mexican forces against roughly 250 Texans
Defenders of the Alamo refused to surrender March 6 final attack
all defenders are killed Remember the Alamo becomes battle cry
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William Travis Commanded forces at the Alamo
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JimBowie Inventor of famous Bowie Knife
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Davy Crockett Tennessee volunteer Member House of
Representatives from Tenn.
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Massacre at Goliad March 27, 1836 Santa Anna follows up the
Alamo with slaughter of Texan forces at Goliad Captured prisoners
were divided into 3 groups and executed Remember Goliad added to
the battle cries
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Battle of San Jacinto April 21, 1836 Final battle of conflict
Sam Houstons outnumbered army defeats Santa Annas troops Battle
lasts around 20 minutes Santa Anna surrenders to a wounded Sam
Houston
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Santa Anna
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Treaty of Velasco Recognizes independence of Texas Spares the
life of Santa Anna Sam Houston defeats Stephen Austin for president
of Texas Houston later becomes a U.S. senator and governor of Texas
Austin is appointed Secretary of State but dies shortly after Small
skirmishes continued between Texas and Mexico up until the outbreak
of the Mexican War.
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James Polk and Expansion Two major issues pressing during his
election and presidency: Annexation of Texas and Oregon Country
Polk was much in favor or expansion Campaign slogan was 54 40 or
Fight which was a reference to the dispute over the U.S./Canadian
border
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Oregon Treaty of 1846 Ended the dispute by establishing the
permanent boundary at the 49 th Parallel
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Annexation of Texas Texas statehood was creating sectional as
well as foreign issues Adding Texas to the Union would stack the
balance of power to slave states Adding Texas to the Union would
likely start a war with Mexico Several bills to add Texas to the
Union had been rejected
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Texas Statehood December 29, 1845 President Polk signs
documents admitting Texas as the 28 th state By doing so, the U.S.
inherits the border dispute between Texas and Mexico Texas had
claimed the Rio Grande River as the boundary where Mexico claimed
the Nueces River as the boundary
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Attempts at Negotiation November 10, 1845, Polk sends James
Slidell on a secret mission to offer Mexican govt. 25,000,000 for
territory to Rio Grande Mexican govt. refuses as an insult to
national honor Polk sends General Zachary Taylor to the disputed
area
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Zachary Taylor Old Rough and Ready
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April 25, 1846 Thornton Affair 70 man detachment led by Captain
Seth Thornton was attacked by 2000 strong detachment of the Mexican
cavalry 16 U.S. soldiers killed May 11, 1846, Polk addresses
Congress to ask for a declaration of war against Mexico claiming
American blood had been shed on American soil Congress declares war
May 13, 1846
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December 22, 1847 Abraham Lincoln issues the Spot Resolutions
As a newly elected member of Congress, challenged President Polk to
show the exact location of bloodshed of Americans
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Winfield Scott Commander of U.S. forces during the Mexican
War
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Robert E. Lee Gained valuable military experience during
Mexican War Commander of Southern forces during the Civil War
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Ulysses S. Grant Gains valuable experience during Mexican War
Commander of Union forces during Civil War
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Thomas Jackson AKA Stonewall Gains valuable experience during
Mexican War Lees most able general during the Civil War
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Major Battles of the Mexican War Battle of Palo Alto: 1 st
major engagement of the war Near present day Brownsville, Texas
Battle of Buena Vista: Mexican army casualties totaled 3400 to
Taylors 650 Mexican army claimed victory and retreated
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Battles cont. Capture of Veracruz: Important port location for
Mexican Army General Scott laid siege to the city Becomes important
supply post for U.S. army Battle of Chapultepec: Mexican fort
located outside of Mexico City and final protection Mexican
casualties total 2000 while U.S. casualties total 450 Led to the
capture of Mexico City and surrender of Mexican Army
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Bear Flag Revolt Fighting in California against Mexican
government Led by John C. Fremont Led to the formation of Republic
of California
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John C. Fremont Leader of the Bear Flag Revolt
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Signed Feb. 1848 Mexico cedes to
the U.S. what is called: Mexican Cession Included all of
present-day California, Nevada and Utah as well as most of Arizona,
New Mexico and Colorado Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas and
recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary of the United
States
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Gadsden Purchase 10 Million dollars to complete Manifest
Destiny
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Joseph Smith 1805-1844 Founder of the Mormon Religion Killed by
an angry mob in Carthage, Illinois June 1844
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Brigham Young 1801-1877 Leads Mormons to Utah 1847 Named
president and prophet of the church inheriting authority of Joseph
Smith 1851: Utah is organized as a territory with Young as the
governor and head of Indian Affairs
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Donner Party 87 pioneers left Missouri for California in May of
1846 Had planned on arriving in California by September but were
trapped in the Sierra Nevada in November Mexican War delays
attempts for rescue Reached by rescue party in February of 1847
Only 48 of the original party make it to California Survived by
resorting to cannibalism.