The Industrial Revolution

Industrialization and Nationalism

Pre-Industrial Life Major job was agriculture

Husband, wife and children worked along side of each other

Little food was producedjust enough to surviveif there were leftovers they were sold there was little incentive (motive) to increase

production

Shift from agricultural based economy to manufacturing based economy

Starts in BritainExpansion of farmland, good weather, improved

transportation and new crops led to an increase in the food supply

Population grewBritain had ready money (capital) that they could

invest in industrial machines and factories Natural resources were plentiful

RiversSupply of markets

Industrial Revolution in Britain

Changes in the Cotton Productiondomestic system

also known as the “putting- out system”people worked from their homes, generally during

the winter months, production costs were low

spinning jenny and the water framethese inventions led to the beginning of the

factory systeman organized method of production that brought

together workers and machines under the control of managers

Steam engine allowed for machinery to be driven and not have to be located by a river

Steam engine created an increased need for coal Locomotives

Puddling became possible to create a better quality of ironBritain was then able to produce more high

quality iron than the rest of the world combined

The Coal and Iron Industry

Railroads Created new jobsincreased need for coal

ElectricityGeneratorMorse codeLight bulbElectric streetcar

Other inventions

Spread of the Industrial Revolution The British parliament passed laws to keep

its inventions and processes a secretBelgium

went at the same rate as Britain and was comparable

Francemost workers remained in agriculture

GermanyUnited States

The Northeast

Life Transformed Cities grew larger because of the mills and

workers needed Rural areas were changed to cities and towns Housing shortages, bad water and sewers Child labor was cheaper, and easier to

get/train Children were routinely beat

Increases in levels of alcoholism, prostitution, divorce and crime

Rise of industrial capitalism Economic system based on industrial production

Made up of people who built factories, bought the machines and figured out where the markets were

Not to be confused with the industrial working classWorked 12-16 hours a dayNo security of employment, no minimum wageCotton mills were the worst

“in the cotton-spinning work, these creatures are kept, 14 hours in each day, locked up, summer and winter, in a heat of from 80-84 degrees”

Dirty, dusty, dangerous and unhealthy

Industrial Middle Class

Coal mine conditions were also harshMen still had to dig out the coal even with the

new machines Horses, women, children, mules hauled the

coal carts on rails to the lift Cave-ins, explosions and gas fumes

Industrial Working Class