Industrialization and Nationalism

Unit VI Study Guide

Part A: Multiple Choice

In a capitalist system, the means of production is:A) publicly owned.B) privately owned.C) owned by labor

unions.D) owned by

workers.

B) privately owned.

At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain had land, capital, and labor conditions called the:

A) domestic system.B) factory system.C) factors of

production.D) business cycle.

C) factors of production.

According to people who are in favor of the idea of laissez-faire, government should:

A) stay out of business.

B) regulate business.C) hire the

unemployed.D) not be an

employer.

A) stay out of business.

Which did NOT help determine workers’ wages under the factory system?A) other costs of

production.B) whether workers

owned their own tools.

C) the number of workers available.

D) wages for other kinds of work.

B) whether workers owned their own tools.

Alternating periods of prosperity and economic decline are known as the:A) supply and

demand.B) natural law of

economics.C) free enterprise

system.D) business cycle.

D) business cycle.

Who patented the modern steam engine?A) James WattB) Andrew CarnegieC) John Stuart MillD) Henry Bessemer

A) James Watt

The Wright brothers’ airplane flew successfully because they:A) used gasoline as

a fuel.B) used a dynamo.C) combined science

and technology.D) combined

quantum theory with relativity.

C) combined science and technology.

Which social science compares different societies?A) sociologyB) political scienceC) archaeologyD) anthropology

D) anthropology

The MOST important cause of the growth of cities was:A) the development

of suburbs.B) the growth of the

factory system.C) improvements in

law enforcement.D) laws requiring

education for all children.

B) the growth of the factory system.

Which was NOT an advance in biology in the 1800s? A) the role of cells in

cloning B) the role of cells in

disease C) the discovery that all

living things are made up of cells

D) the knowledge that all cells divide and multiply

A) the role of cells in cloning.

Which was NOT a goal of public education in the 1800s?A) educated soldiersB) patriotic citizensC) workers who

could appreciate culture

D) workers who could read and write

C) workers who could appreciate culture

People’s diets were improved by new knowledge about pasteurization, refrigeration, and the use of:

A) the five food groups.

B) low-calorie foods.

C) vitamins and minerals.

D) low-fat foods.

C) vitamins and minerals.

The goal of some reforms enacted by British liberals was to:A) protect slave

traders.B) abolish the

monarchy.C) reduce suffrage.D) extend suffrage.

D) extend suffrage.

Targeting both military and civilian resources in war is known as:A) modern war.B) civil war.C) guerrilla war.D) total war.

D) total war.

The event that started the French revolution of 1848 was: A) a decree restricting

free speech. B) widespread support

for a republican government.

C) the abdication of Louis Philippe.

D) support for a descendant of Charles X.

A) a decree restricting free speech.

Alfred Dreyfus was:A) guilty of bribery.B) guilty of

adultery.C) falsely accused of

spying for Germany.D) falsely accused

of covering up a scandal.

C) falsely accused of spying for Germany.

Disputes among which nations led to the Crimean War? A) Palestine, Great

Britain, and Russia. B) Russian, Great

Britain, and Germany. C) Russia, the Ottoman

Empire, and France. D) France, Germany,

and the Ottoman Empire.

C) Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and France.

When Spain tried to regain its Latin American colonies, the United States responded with:

A) the Northwest Ordinance.

B) a declaration of war.

C) an offer to help.D) the Monroe

Doctrine.

D) the Monroe Doctrine.

The Prussian king who became emperor of the German Empire was:A) William I.B) William II.C) Francis I.D) Francis II.

A) William I.

The emancipation of the serfs:A) kept them in

farming.B) led to economic

security.C) did not solve all

problems.D) increased factory

wages.

C) did not solve all problems.

The fact that Germany’s industrialization came later than that of Britain and France: A) was a result of a lack

of natural resources. B) was a result of

government disinterest. C) let the Germans use

the best methods and machinery available.

D) kept Germany from becoming a great industrial power.

C) let the Germans use the best methods and machinery available.

One problem Italy faced after unification was: A) Austria’s refusal to

give up Venice. B) Sicily’s refusal to

become part of the new nation.

C) lack of a leader accepted by the people of all states.

D) tension between the north and the south.

D) tension between the north and the south.

Terrorism was used by the:A) People’s Will

group.B) Populists.C) czar.D) serfs.

A) People’s Will group.

The Social Democratic Party: A) had many members

elected to the Reichstag. B) never achieved much

representation. C) supported private

ownership of industry. D) supported the

actions of the cartels.

B) never achieved much representation.

The phrase “the White Man’s Burden” refers to: A) the idea that white

people stayed in the sun too long.

B) the idea that non-Western people needed help from Westerners.

C) the amount of luggage that the Europeans brought with them.

D) the amount of raw materials that the Europeans sent back.

B) the idea that non-Western people needed help from Westerners.

The Fashoda crisis was a dispute between: A) France and the

Ottoman Empire over Tunis.

B) Belgium and France over the Congo.

C) the Netherlands and Britain over South Africa.

D) Britain and France over the Sudan.

D) Britain and France over the Sudan.

Egypt came under British rule in part because of the:A) Suez Canal.B) Strait of

Gibraltar.C) pyramids.D) diamond trade.

A) Suez Canal.

Which West African state remained independent?A) Ghana.B) Liberia.C) Senegal.D) French West

Africa.

B) Liberia.

Cecil Rhodes controlled:A) the Suez Canal.B) game hunting in

Kenya.C) trade in ivory,

rubber, and palm oil.D) South African

diamond production.

D) South African diamond production.

The British government took control of India when: A) the Suez Canal was

built. B) Hindus and Muslims

began fighting. C) soldiers rebelled

against the British East India Company.

D) European princes asked the British to keep order.

C) soldiers rebelled against the British East India Company.

Part B: Fill in the Blank

Chapter 22Name four

characteristics of the working conditions in factories.

Factories were cold and damp in winter, and steamy in summer;

Sanitary facilities were poor; Machines had no safety

devices and accidents occurred frequently;

No compensation for injured workers;

Workers spent 14 hour days, six days a week on the job.

Chapter 22Name three

characteristics of the assembly line.

The system of producing large numbers of identical items is known as mass production;

Manufacturers devised the assembly line by which parts were carried from worker to worker;

Saved time, energy, and increased production.

Chapter 22Name four results of

the early reform laws during the Industrial Revolution.

Factory Act of 1802 shortened hours in the cotton mills;

Factory Act of 1833 extended the law to all textile mills;

Children under 9 could not work;

Children 9-13 could work 8 hours for 6 days a week;

Older children could work for 12 hours a day;

1847 the Ten Hours Act came into force.

Chapter 23Name three

characteristics of the development of electricity.

Industrialization encouraged new sources of power;

Electricity was developed in 1870s;

Faraday invented the first electric generator;

Moving a magnet through a coil wire created an electric current.

Chapter 23Name three

characteristics of sociology.

Is the study of human relationships in society;

Auguste Comte was the founder of sociology;

Argued that society, like nature, operated by certain laws;

Believed sociologists should also follow scientific methods.

Chapter 23Name three

characteristics in the rise of Romanticism.

Literature, music, and art reflected the social and economic change of the Industrial Age;

Works were interested in showing how life should be rather than how it was;

Reaction against Age of Reason;

Known as Romanticism.

Chapter 24Name four

characteristics of voting restrictions in Britain before the reforms.

Before the reforms, voters in Britain had many restrictions;

Only property owners could vote;

Voted in the open for all to see;

Voters could be bribed or intimidated;

Catholics, Jews, non-Anglicans couldn’t vote.

Chapter 24Name four

characteristics of continued expansion in the United States.

In 1803 bought Louisiana purchase from Napoleon and doubled size of U.S.;

Purchased Florida from Spain in 1819;

Texan annexation in 1845; War with Mexico created the

Mexican Cession; Treaty of 1846 gave Oregon

Territory; 1853 Gadsden Purchase.

Chapter 24Name four

characteristics of the Revolution of 1848 in France.

France erupted in 1848 after Louis Philippe restricted free speech;

Rioters took to the streets; National Guard troops were

sent in but they joined the rioters;

Louis Philippe gave up throne and left for England;

Second French Republic was proclaimed;

Many reforms took place in France.

Chapter 25Name three

characteristics that led to the Franco-Prussian War.

Bismarck wanted southern states to join his confederation;

Edited a telegram which insulted the French;

French declared war in July 1870;

Southern states united with Prussia and war ended in September.

Chapter 25Name three

characteristics that led to the resignation of Bismarck.

William II became emperor in 1888;

Held strongly conservative opinions;

Felt Bismarck had too much power;

Bismarck resigned in 1890 out of frustration with William and the Socialists.

Chapter 25Name three

characteristics of Alexander II and the freedom of all serfs.

Became czar in 1855; Paid attention to public

opinion; Realized his country’s

backwardness; Emancipation Edict

freed all serfs; Factory owners would

benefit from freed serfs.

Chapter 26Name four

economic motives for imperialism.

Industrialization spurred imperialism;

After 1850 technology grew rapidly;

Industrialized nations needed a lot of raw materials to make products;

Did not want to rely on foreign nations;

Mass production meant new markets were needed;

Rapid population growth accompanied industrialism.

Chapter 26Name three

characteristics that led to the Fashoda crisis.

Sudan was Egyptian colony; Both Britain and France

wanted the colony; In 1881 Sudan had a

revolution against Egyptian rule;

British troops decided to invade Sudan in 1898;

Wanted to stop the revolution before the French decided to take the land.

Chapter 26Name three

characteristics that led to the competition for West Africa

Area was center for slave trade;

Europeans had slave trading posts along the coast;

After the slave trade, the posts were used for other trade goods;

Europeans wanted to go inland to control the sources they traded;

Liberia was only independent state in the West.

Part C: Essay Questions

Essay QuestionSummarize the ways industrialization

changed British society. Discuss changes in agriculture, manufacturing, work, and the organization of business.

Essay QuestionCompare and contrast the elements of

capitalism and socialism.

Essay QuestionDo you think that the scientific and

technological advances of the 1800s improved people’s lives? Explain and support your answer with information about the changes in electricity, communications, transportation, and medicine.

Essay QuestionHow would life in the industrial age

have been different without the intellectual developments in such areas as the social sciences and public education?

Essay QuestionDescribe the factors that led to the U.S.

Civil War.

Essay QuestionCompare and contrast the ways Great

Britain and Spain treated their colonies and the other countries they ruled.

Essay QuestionDescribe the ways Otto von Bismarck

maintained his power when faced with opposition.

Essay QuestionExplain why attempts to liberalize the

Russian government failed.

Essay QuestionHow did imperialism benefit the

European nations? Were there benefits for the colonized regions? Provide evidence supporting both sides of the question.