PRESENTED BY

PATEL MILINDKUMAR M

100210125117

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

GEC-BHAVNAGAR

THE ARCHITECTS OF GREEN

REVELUTION

THE ARCHITECTS OF GREEN REVELUTION :-

1.Dr.Norman Borlaug:-

(1914-2009)

2.Chidambaram Subramaniam:-

(1910-2000)

3. M.S.Swaminathan:-

(1925- till now)

NORMAN BORLAUG :-

1.Dr.Norman Borlaug:- (1914-2009

Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American agronomist, humanitarian and Nobel laureate who has been called "the father of the Green Revolution", "agriculture's greatest spokesperson"

and "The Man Who Saved A Billion Lives".

Born : March 25, 1914, Cresco, Iowa, United States

Died : September 12, 2009, Dallas, Texas, United States

Nationality : American

Education : University of Minnesota

Awards : Nobel Peace Prize, Congressional Gold Medal, More

Dr . Norman Borlaug :-

Norman Ernest Borlaug, (born March 25, 1914, Cresco, Iowa,

U.S.—died Sept. 12, 2009, Dallas, Texas), American agricultural

scientist, plant pathologist, and winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace in

1970. He was one of those who laid the groundwork of the so-

called Green Revolution, the agricultural technological advance that

promised to alleviate world hunger.

Dr. Norman Borlaug Studies :-

Borlaug studied plant biology and forestry at the University

of Minnesota and earned a Ph.D. in plant pathology there

in 1941. From 1944 to 1960 he served as a research

scientist at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Cooperative

Mexican Agricultural Program in Mexico. Borlaug’s work

was founded on earlier discoveries of ways to induce

genetic mutations in plants. These methods led to modern

plant breeding, with momentous results that included the

tailoring of crop varieties for regions of climatic extremes.

At a research station at Campo Atizapan he developed

strains of grain that dramatically increased crop yields.

Borlaug ultimately developed short-stemmed

("dwarf") wheat, a key element in the Green Revolution in

developing countries.

FATHER OF THE GREEN REVOLUTION:-

The Green Revolution resulted in increased production

of food grains (especially wheat and rice) and was in large part

due to the introduction into developing countries of new, high-

yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century with

Borlaug’s work. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico

and on the Indian subcontinent. Wheat production in Mexico

multiplied threefold in the time that Borlaug worked with the

Mexican government. In addition, dwarf wheat imported in the

mid-1960s was responsible for a 60 percent increase in

harvests in Pakistan and India. Borlaug also created a wheat-

rye hybrid known as triticale. The increased yields resulting from

Borlaug’s new strains enabled many developing countries to

become agriculturally self-sufficient. However, since their

introduction, those varieties were discovered to require large

amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their

high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful

environmental effects. As a result, newer varieties of food

grains, which are not only high-yielding but also resistant to

local pests and diseases, have been developed.

Normans Works And

Contribution :-

Borlaug served as director of the Inter-American Food

Crop Program (1960–63) and as director of the

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center,

Mexico City, from 1964 to 1979. In 1986 Borlaug

created the World Food Prize as a way to honor

individuals who have contributed to improving the

availability and quality of food worldwide. In constant

demand as a consultant, Borlaug served on

numerous committees and advisory panels on

agriculture, population control, and renewable

resources. He also taught at Texas A&M University

(1984–2009), where the Norman Borlaug Institute for

International Agriculture was established in 2006. His

numerous other honors include the Presidential

Medal of Freedom (1977) and the Congressional

Gold Medal (2007).

GREAT PERSONOLITY :-

CHIDAMBARAM SUBRAMANIAM :-

Chidambaram Subramaniam:-(1910-2000)

Born On : January 30, 1910

Born In : Senguttaipalayam, Tamil Nadu

Died On : November 7, 2000

Career : Freedom Fighter, Political Leader

Nationality : Indian

INTRODUCTION:- Ministers are elected to the cabinets. They come, serve the term, and are elected

again for yet another cabinet. Very few are able to justify their positions by

contributing to the concerned ministry that they are appointed for. One such

honorable and commendable minister was Chidambaram Subramaniam who, as a

food minister, transformed the nation into a self-productive factory of wheat.

Popularly known as the political architect of the "green revolution" in India,

Subramaniam utilized his formidable skills in spreading the use of a new variety

of wheat to millions of farmers, making India capable of harvesting wheat on

homeland rather than importing. Besides, he was successful in supporting a new

program for selling hybrid seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides at heavy subsidized

rates. With this, Subramaniam gave India what it had been dreaming since long -

green revolution.

Early Life:-

Early Life Chidambaram Subramaniam was born to Chidambara Goudner and his wife in a village named Senguttaipalayam near Coimbatore district, in the present state of Tamil Nadu. After completing his early education in Pollachi, he went to Chennai to take admission in Presidency College to pursue a bachelor's degree in physics. Thereafter, he studied law at Law College in Chennai.

Political Career :-

In 1952, Subramaniam began his political career, after being trained in the basics

of politics and administration under Rajaji. He started off as a Minister of

Education, Law and Finance in Madras State from 1952 to 1962. With this, he

served as the leader in Madras Legislative Assembly for 10 years. He was, then,

elected in Lok Sabha in 1962 and appointed as Minister for Steel and Mines.

Eventually, he was given diverse portfolios to handle, like Agriculture in 1965,

followed by finance and defense later on. With the Congress Party undergoing the

split crisis in 1969, Subramaniam chose to side Indira Gandhi and hence, became

the interim president of the party headed by her. He supported her during the

Emergency period and served as the Finance Minister in the central government.

Position in the Government:-

However, he chose to part ways with her post-Emergency and joined

Congress (Urs) Party, headed by Devraj Urs. He was also designated as the

Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India during 1971-72.

In 1990, he became the Governor of Maharashtra and conducted frequent

meetings with leading academics, industrialists, representatives of non-

governmental organizations, and prominent citizens on critical issues of the

society, thereby transforming the Raj Bhavan into a common activity zone.

But to his dismay, he was forced to resign after newspaper reporter

overheard and reported that he criticized the working style of the then

Prime Minister of India, P.V. Narasimha Rao.

Contributions to India Prior to joining full-fledged politics, Subramaniam plunged into the

freedom struggle strongly and was even imprisoned for his active

participation. Later on, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly and

was also involved in structuring the Constitution of India. Amongst all his

achievements and contributions, his best accomplishment has been the

development of India's agricultural policy. After convincing the then Prime

Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri, and implementing the program,

India was able to deliver a record production of wheat in 1972. This proved

to be a major accomplishment of the Indian Green Revolution.

Awarded Bharat Ratna to He was further involved in introducing high-yielding varieties of

seeds and more intensive application of fertilizers which gave way for

increasing the output of cereals in the late 1960s. He founded the

National Agro Foundation at Chennai and Bharathidasan Institute of

Management at Tiruchirappalli. Amongst all the proteges that

Subramaniam produced, the most prominent include M.S.

Swaminathan, former Agriculture Secretary B. Sivaraman, and

Verghese Kurien. In 1998, he was conferred upon with the highest

civilian award in India, Bharat Ratna.

Death :-

Chidambaram Subramaniam died on November 7, 2000 in

Chennai, thereby ending the golden era of green revolution

with him. He was 90.

Timeline:-

1910 : Born in Senguttaipalayam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

1952-62 : Served as Minister of Education, Law and Finance in Madras

State

1962 : Elected to Lok Sabha and became Minister of Steel and Mines

1965 : Appointed as Minister of Agriculture and handled the Green

Revolution

1969 : Supported Indira Gandhi on the split of Congress Party

1971-72 : Became Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India

1975 : Served as Finance Minister during Emergency

1990 : Appointed as Governor of Maharashtra

1998 : Honored with Bharat Ratna Award

2000 : Died on November 7 in Chennai, aged 90.

M.S.SWAMINATHAN :-

3. M. S. Swaminathan :- (1925- till now)

Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan is an Indian

agriculture scientist,

Born in August 7, 1925, in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu.

He was the second of four sons of a surgeon. His

ancestral home is the island village of Monkompu,

Alleppey District, Kerala. He is known as the "Father

of the

Green Revolution in India" , for his leadership and

success in introducing and further developing high-

yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the

founder and Chairman of the MS Swaminathan

Research

Foundation. His stated vision is to rid the world of

hunger and poverty. Dr. Swaminathan is an advocate

of

moving India to sustainable development, especially

using

Contribution towards Green

Revolution:-A renowned scientist-statesman, Professor M S

Swaminathan brings to his work the compassion of a

humanist, critical and exploratory ability of a scientist and

the philosophy vision of a planetary citizen.

His scientific research for food and nutrition security has

the overarching commitment to ecological preservation,

poverty eradication, empowerment of women, social

equity and above all promotion of human and moral

values.

Mahatma Gandhi's concepts of sarvodaya and antyodaya

remain central to his scientific work.

Dr Anwarl Dil's book outlines his outstanding contributions

to the success of the green revolution and his efforts to

transform it to an ever-green revolution by making it pro-

nature, pro-women and pro-poor

M.S. Swaminathan is known as father of

India's

2nd green revolutionM.S Swaminathan is known as father of India's 2nd

green revolution. The year 2004 is some what termed

as 2nd green revolution in India, it is also known as

Rainbow revolution.

It mainly deals with increase in production of next

generation food grains The GOI as a effort to make

2nd green revolution implemented following

programmes

a) National horticulture mission-2005(objective):

doubling of horticulture production ie 300 million

tonne

b) Rashtriya krishi vikas yojana-2007(objective):

increase in 4% of agricultural growth c) National

food security mission-2007(objective: rice by 10

million tonne, wheat by 8 million tonne and

pulses by 2million tonne) However a full fledged

2nd green revolution has still not been able to be

achieved.

M.S.SWAMINATHAN’S POSITION AND TRIUTES :-

Swaminathan has been recognized with a number of national and international

awards, including Padma Shri (1967), Padma Bhushan (1972), Padma Vibhushan

(1989), the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership (1971), and the

Albert Einstein World Award on Science (1986). He was the first laureate of the World

Food Prize (1987) that is regarded as the Nobel Prize in Agriculture. Currently

Swaminathan holds the UNESCO Chair in Ecotechnology at the M. S. Swaminathan

Research Foundation (MSSRF), Chennai, which he set up with funds from the World

Food Prize. At present he is also a nominated Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha)

HAVE A NICE DAY !!!!