COLD WAR 1970s. COLD WAR 1970s The Cold War Begins to Thaw

COLD WAR1970s

COLD WAR 1970sThe Cold War Begins to Thaw

Cold War 1970sDétente—increased cooperation and a

relaxation of tensions.

Two important events take place during this

decade: U.S. China Relations and

S.A.L.T.

Cold War 1970s U.S.-China Relations—

President Richard M. Nixon opens relations

With China after 22 years of mutual

isolation. What was the motivation to reach

out to communist China after all these

years?

Cold War 1970s

Time For Peace Nixon In China

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUmNCBf_5sk

Cold War Personality Profile“Looking at the two greatpowers, the UnitedStates and China…weCan find common ground, despite ourdifferences, to build aworld structure in whichboth can be safe todevelop in our own wayson our own roads.”

U.S. President Richard Nixon 1969-1973

Cold War 1970s

Mao and Nixon meeting in February 1972

Cold War 1970s

Nixon and Premier Zhou Enlai meeting in 1972

Cold War 1970s

Cold War 1970sThe U.S. opened relations with China fortwo reasons:

1) Nixon wanted to counterbalance the Soviet Union’s global power and

2) Nixon wanted Beijing’s help to end the Vietnam War

Cold War 1970s

Nixon in China from the BBC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5V9sP_nDCM

Cold War 1970sS.A.L.T. What is S.A.L.T.?

S trategic It limited the two superpowers

A rms to 200 defensive nuclear

L imitations missiles and froze the

T alks number of intercontinental

ballistic missiles for five

years.

Cold War 1970s

Nixon and Brezhnev meeting on May 26, 1972

Instruct.westvalley.edu

Cold War 1970s S.A.L.T. I—May 22, 1972

S.A.L.T II—June 18, 1979 never ratified by

U.S. considering the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan

Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act

The Helsinki Final Act was an agreement

signed by 35 nations on August 1, 1975 that

concluded the Conference on Security and

Cooperation in Europe, held in Helsinki, Finland

http://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/Helsinki

Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act

Goals A variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”

First Basket

principles covering political and military issues, territorial Integrity, the

definition of borders, peaceful settlement of disputes and the

implementation of confidence building measures between opposing

militaries

Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act

Goals A variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”

Second Basket

Economic issues like trade and scientific cooperation

Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act

Goals A variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”

Third Basket

emphasized human rights, including freedom of emigration and

reunification of families divided by international borders, cultural

exchanges and freedom of the press

Cold War 1970s Helsinki Final Act

GoalsA variety of issues divided into four "baskets.”

Fourth Basket

Formalized the details for follow-up meetings and implementation

procedures

Cold War 1970s

Helsinki Final Acthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnMJq8qng1w

Cold War in CambodiaPol Pot’s Killing Fields

Cambodia

Cold War Personality Profile

Pol Pot

Saloth Sar

Brother

Number One

Cambodia1966—Pol Pot influenced by China and Mao Zedong’s

policy of continuous revolution.

1969-1973—U.S. Involvement, Ho Chi Minh Trail. U.S.

bombs Cambodia in an effort to rid Vietnam’s Communist

bases in Cambodia.

1975—Year Zero, April 17, Phnom Penh falls, parts of the

2 million population are marched out of city. Why?

CambodiaYear Zero—Campaign to purify Cambodian society ofcapitalism, Western culture, religion and all foreigninfluences in favor of isolation and a Maoist agrarianstate. Agricultural collectives known as the KillingFields.

1978—Cambodia invaded by Vietnam, Pol Pot ousted.

1998—Pol Pot dies April 15.

2001—2.2 to 2.5 million victims

Cold War 1970s—Cambodia

Cambodia Cold War Video

The Killing Fields of Cambodia

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dmu-7sddik

Cold War 1973Overthrow in Chile, Allende’s Leftist

Regime

Cold War 1970s—Chile

Cold War 1970s—Chile

Salvador Allende elected President of Chile

on September 4, 1970, inaugurated on

November 3, 1970.

He gains 36.3% of the vote and becomes

the first democratically elected socialist

(communist) candidate.

Cold War 1970s—Chile

Cold War 1970s—Chile

BackgroundThe U.S. had been involved in Chile’sGovernment since as far back as 1958.

The U.S. tried to stop the inaugurationthrough a military coup. One of theopponents of the coup Army Chief of Staffwas assassinated.

Cold War 1970s—Chile

Background

Popular Unity coalition stated Chile was

being exploited by parasitic foreign and

domestic capitalists.

By 1971, the government voted to

unanimously nationalize the foreign copper

which were owned by Kennecott and Anaconda.

Cold War 1970s—Chile

U.S. Interests

Kennecott and Anaconda were two U.S.

firms.

The government took over virtually all the

great estates and turned the lands over to

the resident workers.

Cold War 1970s—Chile

U.S. PolicyPopular Unity tried to maintain cordialrelations with the U.S.The U.S. had a two track policy with Chile

1) official relations were friendly but not openly hostile

2) the U.S. would launch an economic blockade with other U.S. companies

Cold War Personality Profile

President Nixon

informed the CIA

director Richard Helms

seen on the right to

“make the economy

scream”

Cold War Video

La Moneda Presidential Palace

La Moneda September 11, 1973

Cold War Personality Profile“Workers of my homeland: Ihave faith in Chile and itsfuture. Other men willovercome this dark andbitter moment when treasonis trying to be uppermost.You must continue to knowthat, sooner rather thanlater, grand avenues will beopened where free men willgo to build a better society.” Long live Chile; long liveChile; long live the workers.”

Cold War Personality ProfileThese are my last

Words, certain that the

sacrifice will not be in

vain. I am sure that

there will be at least a

moral sanction that will

punish the felony,

cowardice and treason.

Salvador Allende September 11, 1973

Cold War 1970sThe Other 9/11

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_MZdjvo6WE

Cold War 1970s

Pope John Paul II, Solidarity Movement and the Beginning of Communism’s

End

Cold War—Solidarity Movement

Pre-Cursor to Change in Poland

Edward Gierek is the Prime Minister andthe economy is in bad shape.

Prices are increasing and protests are theresult.

Cold War—Solidarity Movement

Pope John Paul’s 1979 Visit—30 Years of

Soviet Rule

Solidarity (Labor Union)

=The Beginning of the End of Communism

Cold War –Solidarity Movement

Roman Catholic Church

The Prime Minister opens up a dialogue with Pope John Paul II.-Karol Wojtyla=Pope John Paul II

(first non-Italian Pope since 1400s)installed on October 16, 1978.

-June 2, 1979—Open Air mass in VictorySq. in Warsaw “Don’t Be Afraid”

Cold War Personality ProfileBecomes pope upon

the death of Pope John

Paul I

Cold War—Solidarity Movement

Solidarity—a labor Union started in Gdansk,

Poland by Lech Walesa in August 1980.

Strikes ensue and workers present a list of

21 Demands.

January 1981—Walesa and the Pope meet

in the Vatican.

Cold War 1980s

Pope John Paul II and Solidarity leader Lech Walesa meeting in 1981

Cold War—Solidarity Movement

Fall 1981—

Solidarity expands its charter to all areas of society. They are looking for the establishment of democratic local governments, independent judges and equal protection under the law.

Cold War—Solidarity Movement

December 12-13, 1981—Poland declares Martial Law. Army andspecial riot police are used to crush theunion.

December 1982—Martial Law suspended, General amnesty in July 1983.

Cold War 1970s

Pope John Paul II

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJDKINa11rs

Cold War 1980s

Mikhail Gorbachev

Perestroika

(Restructuring)

Glasnost

(Openness)