Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Growth

Unit 5: Nationalism, Unit 5: Nationalism, Sectionalism, and Economic Sectionalism, and Economic

GrowthGrowth

SOL VA. US. 6a-dSOL VA. US. 6a-d

Nationalism:Love for one’s country

Sectionalism: Love for one’s region or section of a country

Following the War of 1812, Americans had a sense of national pride

Era of Good Feelings

James Monroe: 5th President

Economic Nationalism: Henry Clay “American System”

Goal: To strengthen the American economy

How?

National Bank

Protective Tariffs

Improved Transportation

National Bank

Provide low interest loans to expand business & industry

Re-chartered in 1816: By Republicans

Tax on imports

Allows American businesses to grow

Protective Tariff

Improved Transportation:

Allows people and goods to move throughout the country faster

Bill vetoed by James Madison

Canals Roads

Judicial NationalismJudicial NationalismMarshall Court

Strengthen National Government

Goal:

Marshall Court Decisions

McCulloch v. Maryland

National Bank

2) States cannot tax the national government

Reinforced the doctrine of implied powers

1) National Bank was legal

National Government over State Governments

Gibbons v. Ogden

A: National government controls interstate commerce (trade)

Q: Who has the power to regulate navigation?

Nationalist Diplomacy

Nationalist Goals:

Expand bordersEstablish presence in world affairs

Adams – Onis Treaty

Spain agreed to give up Florida to the United States

Monroe Doctrine

America warns Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

Sectional SpecializationSectional Specialization

The United States was growing:

The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 doubled the size of the United States

Agricultural, Industrial, & Transportation Revolutions link the sections together

Plantation Agriculture Plantation Agriculture SouthSouth

Cotton gin: Eli Whitney- Increased productivity

Indian Removal- Allowed expansion

Cash-Crop Economy- King Cotton

Industrialization Industrialization NortheastNortheast

Factory System expands:

Goods now made by machines, instead of by hand

Why the Northeast?

- Rivers and streams - Money

- Large labor supply

- Poor agricultural conditions

Lowell SystemLowell System

“Factory Girls”

New England

All in one production facility

Diversified Farming Diversified Farming WestWest

Fertile farmland in Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys

- Attracts people from the east and Europe

Small farms give way to specialized farms

Wheat:

- Northern Plains

Corn and Livestock:

-Ohio River Valley

InventionsInventionsEli Whitney:

Cotton Gin & Interchangeable Parts:

Samuel Slater: “Spinning Jenny”

John Deere: Metal Plow

Cyrus McCormick: Mechanical Reaper

Southern Needs:

Northern Manufactured Goods

Western Food

Western Needs:

Northern Manufactured Goods

Northeastern Needs:

Southern Cotton Western food

“Transportation Revolution”

Henry Clay: “American System”Roads

Canals

TrainsSteamboats

Turnpikes (Toll Roads):

- Built by private companies from 1800 -1825

- Cumberland Road (National Road)

Opened in 1825

- Linked New York City with New Orleans

- 350 miles long

“Clinton’s Big Ditch”

Erie Canal

Rivers: Flatboats dominate in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s

Robert Fulton:Creates the steamboat Clermont

Faster Travel

Changes America’s Waterways to 2 way arteries

Trains:

Most important change of the Transportation Revolution

Fast, Reliable, and cheaper than canals

The Transportation Revolution led to the development of a National Economy

North

West

South