Ch. 16- Section 2:Ch. 16- Section 2:Behavioral InteractionsBehavioral Interactions

Social behaviorsSocial behaviors are are interactionsinteractions among organisms of the same species.among organisms of the same species.

Social behaviors include:Social behaviors include: Courtship and matingCourtship and mating Caring for youngCaring for young Claiming territoriesClaiming territories Protecting each otherProtecting each other Getting foodGetting food

A A societysociety is is a group of animals of the a group of animals of the same speciessame species living and working living and working

together in an organized way.together in an organized way.

Quiz Time QuestionsQuiz Time Questions

1.1. Name one social behavior.Name one social behavior.

2.2. What are social behaviors?What are social behaviors?

3.3. A group of animals of the same A group of animals of the same species living and working together species living and working together in an organized way is known as a in an organized way is known as a ________.________.

Territorial BehaviorA territory is an area that an animal defends from

other members of the same species.

Territorial behavior occurs in different Territorial behavior occurs in different ways. Examples: ways. Examples: Animal sounds, Animal sounds,

scents, patrol and attackscents, patrol and attack..

Why do animals Why do animals defend their defend their territories?territories?

Territories contain Territories contain foodfood, , sheltershelter, and , and potential potential matesmates in in which the animal which the animal wants to control. wants to control. Defending a Defending a territory is an territory is an instinctive behavior.

AggressionAggression is a forceful behavior is a forceful behavior used to dominate and control used to dominate and control

another animal.another animal.

Submission is used by an Submission is used by an animal of the same species to animal of the same species to

aviod aviod attackattack and and injuryinjury..

Quiz Time QuestionsQuiz Time Questions

4.4. What are some examples of What are some examples of territorial behaviors?territorial behaviors?

5.5. How does territorial behavior help How does territorial behavior help organisms to survive?organisms to survive?

6.6. ________ is when an animal uses ________ is when an animal uses forceful behavior to dominate forceful behavior to dominate another animal, and ________ is used another animal, and ________ is used by an animal to avoid attack.by an animal to avoid attack.

7.7. What are the three main reasons an What are the three main reasons an animal will defend its territory?animal will defend its territory?

CommunicationCommunication

Communication is Communication is an an action by the action by the sendersender that that

influences the influences the behavior of the behavior of the

receiver.receiver.

There are many different forms of There are many different forms of communication such as with communication such as with sound, scents, sound, scents,

actions, alarm calls, chemicals, speech, actions, alarm calls, chemicals, speech, courtship behavior and aggression.courtship behavior and aggression.

Courtship behavior allows male & female members of a species to recognize each other. These behaviors help to ensure reproduction success.

Chemical communication occurs when an Chemical communication occurs when an animal uses a animal uses a pheromonepheromone which is a which is a

chemical that influences the behavior of chemical that influences the behavior of another animal of the same species.another animal of the same species.

Sound communication can be heard in many Sound communication can be heard in many different forms. A few examples are different forms. A few examples are crickets crickets

chirping, mosquitos buzzing, rabbits thumping, chirping, mosquitos buzzing, rabbits thumping, gorillas pounding chests, beavers slapping tails.gorillas pounding chests, beavers slapping tails.

Certain kinds of animals communicate by Certain kinds of animals communicate by lightlight or or bioluminescentsbioluminescents. These lights are produced . These lights are produced

through chemical reactions.through chemical reactions.

Quiz Time QuestionsQuiz Time Questions

8.8. _________ is an action by the sender _________ is an action by the sender that influences the behavior of the that influences the behavior of the receiver.receiver.

9.9. How are bioluminescents produced?How are bioluminescents produced?

10.10. What are pheromones used for?What are pheromones used for?

11.11. What is it that allows male and What is it that allows male and female members of the same female members of the same species to recognize each other?species to recognize each other?

Cyclic BehaviorCyclic Behavior

A cyclic behavior is A cyclic behavior is an innate behavior an innate behavior that that occurs in a occurs in a repeating patternrepeating pattern..

Circadian rhythm is based on a Circadian rhythm is based on a 24-hour 24-hour cyclecycle. Most animals come close to this 24 . Most animals come close to this 24

hour cycle.hour cycle.

Animals that are awake during the day are Animals that are awake during the day are diurnaldiurnal while while animals active at night are animals active at night are nocturnalnocturnal..

Hibernation is a Hibernation is a cyclic response to cold cyclic response to cold temperatures andtemperatures and limited food supplies. limited food supplies.

The following things The following things occur when an animal occur when an animal

hibernate: hibernate: body body temperature drops, temperature drops,

breathing rate breathing rate reduced, animals reduced, animals

survive on a reserve survive on a reserve of body fatof body fat..

Estivation is a period of reduced activity. When temperatures are extreme or there is a lack of food or drought, animals will estivate. Example: snails

Instead of hibernating, many birds and mammals Instead of hibernating, many birds and mammals move to a new location when seasons change. move to a new location when seasons change. This seasonal movement is called This seasonal movement is called migrationmigration. .

Animals migrate to find Animals migrate to find foodfood and many times to and many times to reproducereproduce..

Quiz Time QuestionsQuiz Time Questions

12.12. An innate behavior that occurs in a An innate behavior that occurs in a repeating pattern is called a repeating pattern is called a _____________._____________.

13.13. What is the difference between What is the difference between hibernation and migration?hibernation and migration?

14.14. What is the difference between What is the difference between nocturnal and diurnal?nocturnal and diurnal?