Economic Revolutions and Nationalism

Unit 4, Lesson 2

Essential Idea

• New inventions and three economic revolutions created a new and NATIONAL economy.

Inventions and Innovations

• Many inventions impacted each area of the country

• Area Impacted:• North• Invention/Innovation:• Textile mills• Inventor:• Samuel Slater• Significance:• Slater was called the “Father of the

Factory System”• Textile mills (factories) turned cotton

from the South into manufactured cloth

Inventions and Innovations: North

• Invention/Innovation:

• Sewing machine• Inventor:• Elias Howe• Significance: • Helped turn

manufactured cloth into clothing

Inventions and Innovations: North • Invention/Innovation:• Interchangeable parts• Inventor: • Eli Whitney• Significance: • Parts to manufactured

products were made to be identical

• PARTS of products could be replaced instead of the WHOLE product

• FACTORIES were needed to mass produce interchangeable parts

Inventions and Innovations: North

• Overall Impact on the North:• The North became industrialized, meaning their

economy was based on the factory system

Inventions and Innovations: West

• Area Impacted:• West• Invention/Innovation:• Steel plow• Inventor: • John Deere• Significance: • Farmers could plow larger pieces of land

Inventions and Innovations: West

• Invention/Innovation:• Mechanical reaper• Significance:• Inventor:• Cyrus McCormick• Farmers could harvest

larger pieces of land

Inventions and Innovations: North

• Overall Impact on the West:• Many small farmers moved to the West to start larger

farms • McCormick and Farming

Inventions and Innovations: South• Area Impacted:• South• Invention/Innovation: • Cotton Gin• Inventor: • Eli Whitney• Significance: • Cotton could be processed 50

times faster• Whitney THOUGHT the

cotton gin would reduce the need for slaves

Inventions and Innovations: South• Overall Impact on the South: • Instead of dying out, slavery expanded drastically in the South• Southern economy was dependent on COTTON and SLAVERY• The South became known as the “Cotton Kingdom” • Impact of the Cotton Gin

Industrial Revolution: Causes

• Cause 1:• Inventions and

Innovations• Details:• Factories in the NORTH

were needed to make cloth, clothing, interchangeable parts, steel plows, mechanical reapers, and cotton gins

Industrial Revolution: Causes

• Cause 2:• Government

policies • Details:• New laws made it

easier to start corporations

• Protective tariffs helped support growth of new businesses

Industrial Revolution: Causes• Cause 3:• Increased workforce• Details: • Immigrants, especially Irish, provided labor for factories• Many Americans in the rural North migrated to cities to work in factories

Industrial Revolution: Effects

• Effects of the Industrial Revolution: • Effect 1: • North Industrializes• Detail:• Factories boomed in the North, not the

South or West • Effect 2: • New Production Methods• Details:• Products were made by machines instead

of by hand• Big factories replaced small home-based

workshops

Industrial Revolution: Effects • Effect 3:• Urbanization• Detail:• Cities grew as people moved to go work in factories • Effect 4: • Creation of Unions• Detail: • Eventually, factory workers formed unions to demand better working conditions

Transportation Revolution: Telegraph• 1. Telegraph • Samuel Morse- developed the telegraph for sending messages over long

distances• Information could be transported INSTANTLY, improving communication

Transportation Revolution: Roads• 2. Roads • National Road- first major interstate highway, over 600 miles long • Expanding roads connected western farms to cities

Transportation Revolution: Water Travel

• 3. Steamboats and Canals• More products could be

shipped faster on water• Steamboats:• Robert Fulton invented the

steamboat, which could travel faster and go upstream

• Robert Fulton’s Steamboat• Canals:• Canals were artificial rivers

built to increase water transportation

• Erie Canal- built in New York, connecting western farmers to cities

• Canals

Transportation Revolution: Railroads• 4. Railroads• Railroads were could transport faster, carry

more, and go farther than either roads or canals

• Railroads did the most to encourage westward expansion and settlement

• The North and South would fight over where to build transcontinental railroad to the Pacific Ocean

Impact of Transportation Revolution• Impact of Transportation Revolution:• Increased trade between the North, West, and South• The strongest connection was between farms in the West and cities in the North• This also encouraged more settlement in the West

Economic Revolution: Market Revolution

• The Market Revolution:• The North, West, and

South specialized in products

• Market Revolution- development of a NATIONAL economy based on trade between the North, West, and South

• People were less self-sufficient, buying products from other areas

The Market Revolution

• Area:• North• Products sent

to West:• Steel plows,

mechanical reapers, clothing

• Products sent to South:

• Cotton gins, clothing

The Market Revolution• Area:• West• Products sent to North:• Food- Corn, wheat, livestock• Products sent to South:• Food- Corn, wheat, livestock

The Market Revolution

• Area:• South• Product sent to North:• Cotton for textile mills• Product sent to

BRITAIN:• Cotton for textile mills• Why significant?• During the Civil War,

Britain almost helped the South because they wanted southern cotton

Market Revolution• Inventions and

Innovations:• Changed how North, West,

and South produced• Industrial Revolution:• Factories in the North built

new products• Transportation Revolution:• Helped North, West, and

South trade• American System:• Government supported

the new economy• Market Revolution:• A new and NATIONAL

economy formed