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Experience on Management of CMV Retinitis
Medécins Sans Frontiéres
Khin Nyein ChanMedical Coordinator, MSF
HIV program in Myanmar
• MSF HIV/ART program started since 2003
• 17 TB/HIV clinics – Yangon Region– Taninthayi Region– Kachin State– Shan State– Rakhine State
• >30,000 patients are on HAART
Waing Maw
Moe Gaung
What is CMV?
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)• >90% of people are sero+ for CMV in
most developing countries • In immunocompromised host – re-activate • In AIDS patients, retina is the most
common site of disease• Accounts for >90% of HIV related
blindness• In RLS, CMV retinitis is the only clinical
manifestation of the disease that we can diagnose.
3
44
MSF Clinic in Myanmar
55
CMV Management
Treated with Intraocular injection of Gancyclovir and ART.CMV inactive after 5 consecutive weekly injections and currently under maintenance injection*.
34 yrs old male patient from Kyone Pyaw, Delta region (4-5 hrs drive one way)CD4 count 7 cells/mm3 and diagnosed with active CMV Retinitis (Lt eye)
* Maintenance 2 weeksx2, every 3 weeksx2, every 4 weeks (until the retinitis is completely inactive AND CD4 count >100 cell/ul and checked on > 3 month HAART)
6
Management of CMV RetinitisStarted in 2006 – Clinic MD receive the training
from Dr. David Heiden*
*Consultant in uveitis, Department of Ophthalmology and Pacific Vision Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
7
Management of CMV Retinitis
• Criteria for screening1. CD4 count <100/mm32. Eye complaints that relate to “vision”3. Any patient with ophthalmic herpes zoster
(ASAP)4. Re screen 3 monthly as long as CD4 count is
<100/mm3
• Number screened in Kachin and Yangon (2011-2012) – 4069
• Number treated of those screened (2011-2012) – 335
• It is possible to prevent blindness due to CMV retinitis in HIV patients by primary care HIV clinicians where ophthalmologists are not available!
8
Management of CMV Retinitis
Challenges• Providing treatment to very sick people
9
n = 24,008
Baseline Median CD4 of 15+ years, ARV naïve patients9
Cd4 precision 60 days
2003
(n=10
0)
2004
(n=22
8)
2005
(n=73
4)
2006
(n=23
41)
2007
(n=33
07)
2008
(n=18
89)
2009
(n=33
18)
2010
(n=35
23)
2011
(n=48
43)
2012
(n=56
04)
50
100
150
200
7366 73
6696
182
127 128
84104
10
State/Division # ART (n=13,217)
Ayeyarwady 429
Bago 319
Chin 13
Kachin 2087
Kayar 8
Kayin 41
Magway 306
Mandalay 467
Mon 104
Rakhine 542
Sagaing 244
Shan 1853
Tanintharyi 21
Yangon 6632
China 150
Thailand 1
Challenges (cont.)
One dot represents
“10” patients
patient origins
2011 HIV-Cohort survey on “Origin of HIV patients registered”
1111
Challenges (cont.)
• Management of Pediatric patients
• Human Resource
• After being trained, it takes another 3-6 months practice to become highly proficient on CMV retinitis management
• Turnover of CMV experienced staff …• Interrupted program implementation
• Not just the eyes!!!
1212
Way forward…
• Continue prevention of blindness despite the challenges as this is the only option currently in the country
• Looking forward to the accessible simpler diagnosis and affordable simple pills…..
1313
Thank you