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MODUL SAINS TAMBAHAN

TINGKATAN 4

SET I1.1 Kuantiti Fizik

1.2 Proses pengukuran1.3 Tenaga 1.4 Haba

1.5 Elektrik1.6 Sumber tenaga

Block of wood

X

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SET I : BAHAGIAN A

1 Figure shows a vernier calipers used to measure a block of wood.Rajah menunjukkan angkup vernier yang sedang digunakan untuk mengukur blok kayu.

(b)

a) i) Name the part labelled X? Nama kan bahagian berlabel X?

………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

ii) State the function of X ? Nyatakan fungsi bagi X?

………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark ]

b) Zero error reading is taken before the vernier calliper is used to measure the length of wood.

Bacaan ralat sifar ditentukan sebelum angkup vernier digunakan untuk mengukur ketebalan blok kayu..

i) What does zero error mean? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan ralat sifar?

…….………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

ii) What is the reading of the error in figure above? Berapakah bacaan ralat sifar yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di atas?

..……………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(a)

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c) i) Calculate the length of wood? Kira ketebalan blok kayu?

[2 marks]

ii) The length of wood are measured at several different parts. The readings taken were 0.90 cm, 0.84 cm, 0.79 cm and 0.91 cm. Calculate the average length of wood.Panjang kayu diukur di beberapa bahagian yang berbeza. Bacaan yang diperolehi adalah 0.90 cm, 0.84 cm, 0.79 cm dan 0.91 cm. Kirakan purata panjang kayu.

[2 marks]

2. A student measures the thickness of a glass block using measuring instrument K, L and M. For each instrument, the thickness is measured at three different parts. The results are shown in the table below.Seorang pelajar mengukur ketebalan satu blok kaca dengan menggunakan alat pengukur K, L dan M. Bagi setiap alat pengukur, ketebalan diukur pada tiga bahagian berbeza. Keputusan yang diperolehi ditunjukkan dalam jadual di bawah.

Measuring Instrument/

Alat pengukurReading (cm)

1 2 3K 2.0 2.2 2.1L 2.12 2.13 2.12M 2.131 2.133 2.121

a) Why does the thickness of the glass block is measured three times?Mengapa ketebalan blok kaca diukur sebanyak tiga kali?

…………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

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b) Consistency, accuracy and sensitivity of a measuring instrument is important in measurement.Ketekalan. Ketepatan dan kepekaan satu alat pengukur adalah penting dalam pengukuran.

Based on the table shown, state a measuring instrument which is the mostBerdasarkan jadual, nyatakan alat yang manakah memberikan bacaan yang paling

(i) consistent : ……………........................................................persis

(ii) sensitive : ……………........................................................peka

[2 marks]

c) Based on the table above which measuring instruments represents Berdasarkan jadual di atas, alat pengukuran manakah yang mewakili

(i) metre ruler? : ………..........................................pembaris meter?

(ii) micrometer screw gauge? : ……………….............................tolok skru micrometer?

[2 marks]d) State the average reading for measuring instrument K.

Nyatakan bacaan purata bagi alat pengukur K.

………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

3. The table shows the physical quantities and their units.Jadual menunjukkan kuantiti fizik dan unit masing-masing.

Physical quantity Relation with base quantities SI unit Name of the unit

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volume Length (m) x length (m) x length (m) none

velocity ms-1 none

force Mass (kg) x acceleration (ms-2) N

Electric charge Current (ampere) x time (s) Coulomb

(a) What is meant by physical quantity?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kuantiti fizik?

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(b) Complete the table above. Lengkapkan jadual di atas.

[2 marks]

(c) State the base quantity and derived quantity used to derive physical quantity force.Nyatakan kuantiti asas dan kuantiti terbitan yang digunakan untuk menerbitkan kuantiti fizik bagi daya

Base quantity :…………………………………………………………………..

Derived quantity : …………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(d) Density is defined as mass per unit volume.What is the unit for density?Ketumpatan ditakrifkan sebagai jisim per unit isipadu. Apakah unit bagi ketumpatan?

…………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark ]

4. The SI units and symbols for some base and derived quantities are shown in the table below.Unit SI dan simbol beberapa kuantiti asas dan terbitan ditunjukkan dalam jadual dibawah.

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Quantity Symbol SI unit Symbol for the unit.

Length l metre m

mass m

Velocity v Metre per second

Force F Newton N

Temperature KBased on the table above, answer the following questions.Berdasarkan jadual di atas, jawab soalan-soalan di bawah.

(a) (i) Classify these quantities into base and derived quantities.Kelaskan kuantiti tersebut kepada kuanti asas dan kuantiti terbitan.

Base quantity: …………………………………………………………..

Derived quantity: …………………………………………….................[2 marks]

(ii) Complete the table above.Lengkapkan jadual di atas.

[2 marks]

(b) What is meant by derived quantity?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kuantiti terbitan?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(c) Given that Force = mass x acceleration and Acceleration = velocity/time.What is the derived unit of force?Diberi Daya=jisim x pecutan dan Pecutan=halaju/masa.Apakah unit terbitan bagi daya?

[2 marks] (e) A stone has mass 500 g and volume 20 cm3.

Calculate the density of the stone. Seketul batu mempunyai jisim 500 g dan isipadunya adalah 20 cm3 .Hitung ketumpatan batu tersebut .

5

Y

X4 0

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[2 marks]

5. The electric current (I) passing through a conductor varies as the voltage (V) across the resistor changes.The diagram below shows a graph of voltage against the electric current. Based on the graph answer the questions below.Arus elektrik (I) yang melalui satu konduktor berubah-ubah dengan perubahan beza keupayaan (V) merentasi satu perintang.Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan graf beza keupayaan melawan arus elektrik. Berdasarkan graf itu jawab soalan di bawah.

(a) Name axes X and Y.Namakan paksi-paksi X dan Y.

(i) X: ……………………………………………………………………….

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(ii) Y: ……………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(b) What is the relationship between voltage and current?Apakah hubungan diantara beza keupayaan (V) dan arus (I)?

……………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(c) The gradient of this graph is given as R. Calculate R.Kecerunan graf diberi sebagai R. Hitung R.

[2 marks ]

(d) The SI unit for current is ampere (A) and voltage is Volt (V). What is the SI unit of R?Unit SI bagi arus adalah Ampere(A) dan beza keupayaan adalah Volt(V). Apakah unit SI bagi R?

………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

6. Table 1 below shows two sets of reading obtained by two students P and Q when measuring the diameter of a metal rod.

Jadual 2 di bawah menunjukkan dua set bacaan yang diperolehi oleh pelajar P dan Q semasa mengukur diameter sebatang rod logam.

BallP

7.0 m

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Student P (mm) Student Q (mm)2.76 2.752.75 2.742.78 2.752.74 2.762.77 2.75

Table 1 // Jadual 1

(a) What is the type of measuring instrument used by the two students?Apakah jenis alat pengukuran yang digunakan oleh kedua-dua pelajar tersebut?

…………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the average diameter of the metal rod as measured byHitung diameter purata bagi rod logam yang diukur oleh

(i) Student P : …………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Student Q : ………………………………………………………………....[2 marks]

(c) The actual diameter of the metal rod is 2.74 mm. Which set of reading shown in Table 1 is more accurate?Diameter sebenar bagi rod logam ialah 2.74 mm. Set bacaan yang manakah dalam Jadual 1 lebih jitu?

…………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(d) Why did the students measure the diameter of the metal rod five times?Mengapakah pelajar-pelajar itu mengukur diameter rod logam sebanyak lima kali?

…………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

7. The diagram shows a ball of mass 0.5 kg is falling down at the height of 7.0 m. Rajah menunjukkan sebiji bola yang berjisim 0.5 kg jatuh dari ketinggian 7.0 m. [Given : g = 10 ms-2 , P.E = mgh, K.E = ½ mv2 ]

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(a) Name two forms of energy that involved when the ball falling down.Namakan dua bentuk tenaga yang terlibat apabila bola itu jatuh ke bawah.

(i) …………………………………………………………..………………

(ii) ……………………………………………….…………………………[2 marks]

(b) State the changes of energy during the ball falling down.Nyatakan perubahan bentuk tenaga semasa bola itu jatuh.

…………………………………………………………..…………………...….[1 mark]

(c) Name the principle involves in the changes of energy.Namakan prinsip yang terlibat dalam perubahan tenaga.

………………………………………………………….……………...………..[1 mark]

(d) By using the principle named in 2(c), calculate the maximum velocity of the ball.Dengan menggunakan prinsip di 2 (c), hitung halaju maksimum bola tersebut.

[2 marks]

8. The diagram shows a simple pendulum swings between position W and position Z repeatedly. The swing started at position W.Rajah menunjukkan bandul ringkas berayun dari kedudukan W ke kedudukan Z secara berulang. Ayunan bermula di kedudukan W.

X

Y

W

Z

Pendulum bob

1.5 m

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(a) What is meant by potential energy?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tenaga keupayaan?

…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(b) State the labeled position where the pendulum bob has,Nyatakan kedudukan berlabel dimana ladung itu mempunyai ,

(i) zero kinetic energy.tenaga kinetik sifar.

…………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(ii) minimum potential energy.tenaga keupayaan minimum.

…………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(c) The mass of the pendulum bob is 2.1 kg. Calculate the potential energy of the pendulum bob at W.Jisim bagi ladung ialah 2.1 kg. Hitung tenaga keupayaan bagi ladung pada kedudukan W. [Given, potential energy = mgh and g = 10 m s-1 ]

[2 marks](d) Why does the pendulum bob unable to return to its initial position W after one

complete swing?Mengapakah ladung tidak kembali ke kedudukan asal, W selepas satu ayunan lengkap?

….……………………………………………………………………………….

Box / Kotak

10 m

Rope / Tali

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[1mark]

9. The diagram shows a box with mass of 10 kg hanging at 10 m height above the ground.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebuah kotak berjisim 10 kg berada pada ketinggian 10 m dari permukaan bumi.

(a) Name the energy of the box.Namakan tenaga yang dipunyai oleh kotak itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the energy named in 2(a).Hitung tenaga yang dinamakan di 2(a).[Given / Diberi: PE = mgh; g = 10 m s-2]

[2 marks]

(c) The rope is cut and the box falls on the ground. Explain what happens to the energy named in 2(a) during the fall of box. Tali itu dipotong dan kotak itu jatuh ke bumi. Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada tenaga di 2(a) semasa kotak itu sedang jatuh ke bawah.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

Temperature/ 0C

60

80

100

B C

D

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…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]

(d) State one factor that affects the energy named in 2(a).Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tenaga yang dinamakan di 2(a)

..............................................................................................................................[1 mark]

10. The diagram shows the graph of temperature against time for the solid P. Solid P with 2 kg mass is heated using a 150 W heater. [Given: Q = ml]Rajah menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi pepejal P. Pepejal P berjisim 2 kg dipanaskan dengan pemanas 150 W.

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(a) What is the state of P at BC?Apakah keadaan P pada BC?

…………………………………………………. ……………………………… [ 1 mark]

(b) State the melting point of the solid PNyatakan takat lebur bagi pepejal P

….………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(c) (i) Name the process which occurs at BC.Namakan proses yang berlaku pada BC.

………………………………………………………………………….[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why the temperature remains constant at BC. Terangkan mengapa suhu pada BC tidak berubah

.........…………………………………………………………………….

.....……………………………………………………………………….[2 marks]

(d) Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion for solid P. Hitung haba pendam pelakuran bagi pepejal P

Time/ min

Temperature/oC.

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[2 marks]

(e) Draw a graph of cooling curve in the space below when the liquid P is cooled. Lukis graf penyejukan dalam ruang di bawah apabila cecair P disejukkan.

[1 mark]

11. Diagram 2.1 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu termometer cecair-dalam–kaca.

Diagram 2.1

Liquid S

Diagram 2.2

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(a) (i) Name liquid S used in the thermometer.Namakan cecair S yang digunakan dalam termometer .

..............................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State the physical change in liquid S when the temperature increases. Nyatakan perubahan sifat fizikal pada cecair bila suhu bertambah.

..............................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows two types of thermometer.Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan dua jenis termometer.

(i) Which thermometer is more sensitive? Termometer yang manakah yang lebih peka ?

..............................................................................................................................[1 mark]

(ii) State one reason for your answer in 2(b) (i). Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan di 1 (b) (i).

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................[1 mark]

c) State how to increase the sensitivity of the liquid-in-glass thermometer.Nyatakan bagaimana kepekaan termometer cecair dalam kaca boleh ditingkatkan.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

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[2 marks]

BAHAGIAN B

1. (a) (i) What is the definition of heat and temperature?Apakah definisi bagi haba dan suhu ?

(ii) List two differences between heat and temperature.Senaraikan dua perbezaan antara haba dan suhu.

(iii) Explain when does thermal equilibrium is achieved if a hot water is

mixed with a cool water, Terangkan bila keseimbangan terma akan dicapai jika air panas dicampurkan ke dalam air sejuk,

[7 marks](b) Describe how a mercury thermometer can measure the temperature of a hot

water by using the principle of expansion of a liquid. Huraikan bagaimana termometer merkuri dapat mengukur suhu air panas dengan menggunakan prinsip pengembangan cecair.

[5 marks]

(c) What is the meaning that the specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Jkg-1oC-1

Apakah maksud muatan haba tentu bagi air adalah 4200 Jkg-1oC-1?[3 marks]

(d) An electric kettle contains 2 kg of water. It takes 5 minutes to heat the water. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 Jkg-1oC-1. Assume all the energy supplied is used to heat the water. Given : [Q = mcø; Q= Pt].

Sebuah cerek elektrik mengandungi 2 kg air. Ia mengambil masa 5 minit untuk memanaskan air. Muatan haba tentu bagi air 4200 Jkg-1oC-1 . Andaikan semua tenaga digunakan untuk memanaskan air.

(i) Calculate the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of

water from 30oC to 100oC.Hitung jumlah tenaga yang diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu air dari 30oC ke 100oC.

(ii) Calculate the power of the kettle.

Hitung kuasa bagi cerek elektrik itu. [5 marks]