Pittsford Central School District · Web viewWhole Body Listening Skills 6 Strategy for being Attentive in Class- “SLANT” 7 Historic Thinking Skills Quick Reference Page No. Extra

Historic Thinking Skills

“Every skill you acquire doubles your odds of success”

–Scott Adams

Student Name :_________________________________Teacher :_______________________SS Period :______

Some Basics…

Page No.

American History 7 Overview

2

American History 8 Overview

3

Tips for reading your Social Studies Textbook-“THEIVES”

4

3 Big Questions for reading non-fiction

5

Whole Body Listening Skills

6

Strategy for being Attentive in Class- “SLANT”

7

Historic Thinking Skills Quick Reference

Page No.

Extra Practice

Complete Historic Thinking Skills Chart

8

9-11

Historic Context

12

16

Geographic Context

13

-

Cause & Effect

14-15

17

Reliability

18-19

20

Point of View

21

22

Similarities & Differences

23

24-26

Audience & Purpose

27-28

29

Turning Point

30-32

33

Bias

34-35

-

New Multiple Choice

36-37

38-41

to consider when reading non-fiction…

NOW let’s put it into practice, check out the “SLANT” strategy on the next page!

Page | 1

Historic Thinking Skills

Identify in a Document:

Historical Context – Refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical development

Geographic Context – Refers to where this historical development/event is taking place and why it is taking place there

Cause – Refers to something that contributes to the occurrence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the bring about of a development

Effect – Refers to what happens as a consequence (result, impact, outcome) of an event, an idea, or a development

Turning Point – Refers to a major, event, idea, or historical development that brings about significant change. It can be local, regional, national, or global.

Comparison –

Similarity – Tells how something is alike or the same as something else

Difference – Tells how something is not alike or not the same thing as something else

Enduring Issues – An issues that exists across time. It is one that many societies have attempted to address with varying degrees of success.

Analyzing a Document

Reliability – Determined based on how accurate and honest the information is found in a document

Point of View – Refers to the perspective of the author on the subject. Indicators of point of view include author’s opinion and word choices from which attitudes or judgments can be inferred.

Purpose – Refers to the author’s reason for writing/creating the document

Audience – Refers to the group for whom a given document or source was produced or intended.

Bias – Refers to the author’s preconceived condition, opinion or feeling about a topic impacting the reliability and tone of a document

Sourcing – Refers to identifying the type of source, the time period, author, and where it was written, in an attempt to help better understand the document

Identify in a Document:

1

Refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical development

A

Turning Point

2

Refers to where this historical development/event is taking place and why it is taking place there

B

Difference

3

Refers to something that contributes to the occurrence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the bring about of a development

C

Geographic Context

4

Refers to what happens as a consequence (result, impact, outcome) of an event, an idea, or a development

D

Similarity

5

Refers to a major, event, idea, or historical development that brings about significant change. It can be local, regional, national, or global.

E

Cause

6

Tells how something is alike or the same as something else

F

Enduring Issues

7

Tells how something is not alike or not the same thing as something else

G

Historical Context

8

An issues that exists across time. It is one that many societies have attempted to address with varying degrees of success.

H

Effect

Analyzing a Document

9

Determined based on how accurate and honest the information is found in a document

I

Purpose

10

Refers to the perspective of the author on the subject. Indicators of point of view include author’s opinion and word choices from which attitudes or judgments can be inferred.

J

Bias

11

Refers to the author’s reason for writing/creating the document

K

Reliability

12

Refers to the group for whom a given document or source was produced or intended.

L

Sourcing

13

Refers to the author’s preconceived condition, opinion or feeling about a topic impacting the reliability and tone of a document

M

Audience

14

Refers to identifying the type of source, the time period, author, and where it was written, in an attempt to help better understand the document

N

Point of View

Think about your life and answer the questions below. Definitions are on the opposite side if you need to use it as a reference.

A Turning Point is a major idea, event or idea that brings about significant change. Name a positive or negative turning point in your life.

Sometimes things don’t always go as planned and we make someone upset. Name two different behaviors of a student that may have led to (caused you to receive) afterschool detention. You may be funny, but keep it PG

Differences make us unique. Share something interesting about yourself that others may not know.

Context makes a difference. Think of a situation that may be interpreted differently if you don’t have all the background information and the circumstances that led to the development. Think of a fight with a sibling or cousin in which all the facts would paint a complete picture. The absence of the facts may have told a different story.

You had a rough morning. Almost missing the bus as you darted out the house, you could swear you forgot something important. Identify what you forgot and explain 1 Effect of your blunder. Be creative.

An Enduring Issue is something that reoccurs over time. Oftentimes people try to address it again and again, with varying degrees of success. Share something that you see/heard that might fit into this category.

Skill

Example from 7th grade

1

Turning Point

2

Difference

3

Geographic Context

4

Similarity

5

Cause & Effect

6

Enduring Issues

7

Historical Context

According to New York State, HISTORIC & GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT will be defined this way:

Historical Context- Refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical development.

Geographic Context- Refers to where the historical development/event is taking place and why it is taking place there.

Historic & Geographic Context

After watching the video clip, determine the HISTORIC CONTEXT that is established. As a result of the HISTORIC CONTEXT, what do you already know about what could potentially take place throughout the entire movie?

Another example: Let’s say you aced your math test on exponents. We all know that it didn’t happen by some miracle, or even sheer luck! So what has the HISTORICAL CONTEXT that led up to your 100% on your math test?

Event

Historical

Context

Just when you thought it was safe to go back into the water…Geographic Context

Geographic Context- Refers to where the historical development/event is taking place and why it is taking place there.

You are about to watch one of the coolest videos ever, seriously! You may need a bit of prior knowledge to figure out the GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT. Don’t worry if you don’t know anything about the creatures shown in the video clip. In a few minutes…you will!

WHERE is this event taking place?

WHY is this event taking place there?

When writing an answer for a GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT question, write your answer this way:

(The event) took place (where) due to the fact that (why/what geographically allows this event to occur where it does.)

Question: What is the geographic context for the event shown in the video?

______________________________ took place ____________________________________

due to the fact that __________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

What is the geographic context of the event depicted in the picture to the right?

___________________________ took place ______________________________

____________________________________

due to the fact that _________________

________________________________________________________________________

Geographic Context in History

RMS Titanic sank in the early morning of April 15, 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into the ship's maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City.

According to New York State, a CAUSE & EFFECT will be defined this way:

Cause- Refers to something that contributes to the occurrence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the bringing about of a development.

Effect- Refers to what happens as a consequence of an event, an idea, or a development.

Cause & Effect

Watch the following clip from the Disney movies Frozen & Despicable Me. Identify the CAUSE for each action, and the EFFECT of each action.

Video Clip

Cause

Effect

Meeting Between Olaf & Sven

Felonius Gru & The Fluffy Unicorn

Think about CAUSE and EFFECT events in your everyday life. Identify three (3) CAUSES and the EFFECT(S) of each CAUSE.

Cause

Effect

Can you figure out the CAUSE and EFFECT of each significant event in American History?

CAUSE & EFFECT IN HISTORY

CAUSE

EFFECT

Skills Homework

Historical Context and Cause & Effect

Historical Context- Refers to the historical circumstances that led to this event/idea/historical development.

Directions: Come up with the historical circumstances that led to each event discussed in 7th grade. You may need to use outside references to refresh your memory.

Event/idea/Development

Historical Context

FLIP OVER

Cause- Refers to something that contributes to the occurrence of an event, the rise of an idea, or the bringing about of a development.

Effect- Refers to what happens as a consequence of an effect, an idea, or a development.

People move west

American Revolution

Reconstruction Amendments

Come to class prepared with an original/entertaining idea which includes: Historical Context involving the world’s largest food fightCause and Effect involving summer vacation

Note some ideas below to ensure you are prepared for tomorrow!

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

According to New York State, a RELIABILITY will be defined this way:

Reliability- Determined based on how accurate and honest the information is found in a document

Reliability

Scenario: Pretend you are the principal of CRMS. A huge food fight broke out7A in the cafeteria. French Fries went flying! Someone got hit with a bowl of chocolate pudding! There was a slice of pizza stuck to the ceiling like a stalactite! And now four kids are sitting outside your office, each with their own version of what really happened.

Question: Who would probably provide the most RELIABLE information that you should consider before determining who was responsible and who should be punished?

Ruby left the cafeteria covered in chocolate milk and PB&J in her hair.

Emily was at chorus, but heard the story from someone who had lunch 7A.

Mia hid under the table protecting her chicken bowl.

Laura was walking out of the bathroom just as the fight ended

Could all the girls above provide you with information about what happened in the cafeteria? Yes. Is there one story that you find more reliable than the others? If so, why?

What makes the other stories less reliable?

The PURPOSE for Posting the Clip

WATCH THE CLIPThink about….

Your INITIAL REACTION

What conclusions can you draw about the man who caught the baseball based on the original clip?

This photo is what we consider a primary source based on the fact that it’s first-hand information. (The photographer was present to take the picture.)

Can we consider this photograph to be reliable with regard to how Prince William conducts himself in public?

Thoughts?

Should the video be deemed a reliable source about the man’s character? Always answer questions about reliability like this:

The source is __________________________________ because ________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

“That guy did nothing wrong. He gave three balls out to people around him including the little boy in question. He was great. In fact, the man reportedly gave baseballs to multiple children at the game — including the one in question, who a fellow game attendee said the fan gifted to a different child in his row.”

This source is ______________ because:

Prince William!!! Shame on you!!!!

Are the following documents RELIABLE in terms of their purpose?

Is this source reliable regarding why the colonists will fight in the Revolutionary War?

This source is

______________________

Because:

RELIABILITY IN HISTORY

Subvert: To undermine or ignore power or authority

Usurp: To take a place of importance illegally or by force

Is this source reliable regarding Washington’s hope for country’s future?

This source is _______________________

Because:

Is this source reliable regarding the slave population in 1860?

This source is _______________________

Because:

Is this map of Philadelphia reliable when talking about the layout of early U.S. cities?

This source is _______________________

Because:

Point of View

According to New York State, POINT OF VIEW will be defined this way:

Point of View- An opinion (usually based on a person’s frame of reference)

Consider the meme to the right. According to what you see, what is the meme creator’s point of view?

What do you think was the meme creator’s frame of reference?

What’s your Point of View on cellphone use age limits? Frame of reference?

Now watch the following commercials. (It’s one of my favorites!) Answer the following questions about point of view and frame of reference below.

FatherChildren

Point of View:

Frame of Reference:

Skills Homework

Point of View & Reliability

Point of View- Refers to the perspective of the author on the subject. Indicators of p.o.v. include the author’s opinion and word choices from which attitudes or judgements can be inferred

Reliability- Determined based on how accurate and honest the information is found in a document

How does the point of view change from picture #1 to picture #2? (Use the word perspective in your answer).

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How does the perspective of each person change the reliability of the description of

the elephant?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


According to New York State, SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCES will be defined this way:

Similarities- Tells how something is alike or the same as something else. (Compare)

Differences- Tells how something is not alike or not the same as something else. (Contrast)

Look at the pictures below. You can obviously tell that there are many SIMILARITIES between the two. Upon further glance, you will also notice several DIFFERENCES between each picture. Circle as many DIFFERENCES as you can find. REMEMBER: When illustrating a DIFFERENCE, you must show BOTH SIDES of the contrast.

Skills Homework


Similarities- Tells how something is alike or the same as something else.

Differences- Tells how something is not alike or not the same as something else.

SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES NORTH vs SOUTH

What is a similarity between the items listed below?

Battles of Saratoga and Gettysburg: ________________________________________________________________

Articles of Confederation and Constitution: ________________________________________________________________

Slavery and Sharecropping:

________________________________________________________________

1. 1.

2. 2.

3.3. 3.

4.

BOTH SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

CRMS

BRMS

Point of View and


In History

“I love this land and the buffalo and will not part with it…I have heard you intend to settle us on a reservation near the mountains. I don't want to settle. I love to roam over the prairies. There I feel free and happy, but when we settle down we grow pale and die. A long time ago this land belonged to our fathers, but when I go up to the river I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These soldiers cut down my timber, they kill my buffalo and when I see that, my heart feels like bursting."

-- Satanta, Kiowa Chief, 1870

Document B

Document A

Perspective Of: ___________________________Perspective Of: __________________________

Topic/Issue: __________________________________________________________

P.O.V. ______________________________________P.O.V. ___________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

On the back of this sheet, complete the Venn diagram illustrating the similarities and differences between the differing points of view above.

Topic: Points of View Concerning Settlement of the West

· Based on the opinions included on the front and your knowledge of westward expansion,

list the SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES between the two groups.

Native Americans

White Settlers

Rules for Comparing and Contrasting: When you show DIFFERENCE you must show BOTH SIDES of the contrast.

According to New York State, AUDIENCE & PURPOSE will be defined this way:

Audience- Refers to the group for whom the source was produced or intended.

Purpose- Refers to the reason a record, document, or source was produced.

Audience & Purpose

Watch the first video clip. Consider the Historical Context of the clip in terms of American History and the video itself.

Purpose

Audience

Sometimes an “author” produces a “document” that has an INTENDED AUDIENCE & an INTENDED PURPOSE, but the impact of the “document” is misplaced or misinterpreted. This could be both positive and negative.

Watch the next video clip. Consider the INTENDED PURPOSE of the event shown in the clip. Was the “author” successful?

AUDIENCE & PURPOSE IN HISTORY

Audience: (The answer goes beyond “Americans”. Be as specific as possible!)

Purpose: (The answer goes beyond “that Lincoln thinks a house divided cannot stand”. Be as specific as possible!)

Audience: (Be as specific as possible!)

Purpose: (The answer goes beyond to show the Red Coats shooting at people. Be as specific as possible!)

Audience: (There could be many since this is not a primary source.)

Purpose: (Be as specific as possible!)

Skills Homework Audience & Purpose

Purpose- Refers to the reason a record, document, or source was produced.

Audience- Refers to the group for whom the source was produced or intended.

Picture 1

Look closely at these two pictures from the internet. What could the purpose be for the deception shown in Picture #2?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use your imagination – who could be the intended audience for the top picture?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Picture 2

Using your knowledge of Social Studies and the coming of the Civil War, what was the purpose behind Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who was the intended audience?

______________________________________________________

TURNING POINTS

According to New York State, a TURNING POINT will be defined this way:

Turning Point- A major event, idea, or historical development that brings about significant change. It can be local, regional, national, or global.

As you watch the video clip, ask yourself:

What is the turning point? Why do you consider this the turning point?

Your Turn: Choose a Disney movie. What is the turning point in the movie? Explain why that is the turning point.

TURNING POINTS IN HISTORY

A Turning Point is… A major event, idea, or historical development that brings about significant change. It can be local, regional, national, or global.

Examine the document below.

Painted by George A. Crofutt in 1873. From the Library of Congress.

In your opinion, based on the document above, is the event depicted in the document a TURNING POINT in American History? Give EVIDENCE to support your claim.

TURNING POINT:Yes, I believe this is a TURNING POINT.

No, I do not believe this to be a TURNING POINT.

EVIDENCE: 1. _______________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________

Going one step further: INFERENCING

Based on the document on the front and the discussion in class, make an INFERENCE (a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning) about how the United States and its future will be impacted by this turning point? What changes might be evident in the United States?

1. __________________________________________________________________________

Evidence: What makes you believe this? _____________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Can you think of other event in American history that can be considered TURNING POINTS? Explain why you chose these events as TURNING POINTS.

1. __________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________

Skills Homework

Turning Point

Turning Point- Refers to a major event, idea, or historical development that brings about significant change. It can be local, regional, national, or global.

Directions: Come up with the turning point or events that led to the turning point and its aftermath for each topic discussed in 7th grade. You may need to use outside references to refresh your memory.

BEFORE:

SLAVERY

Historical Event:

AFTER:

FREEDMEN

AFTER:

U.S.A

BEFORE:

13 COLONIES

Manifest Destiny

Industrial Revolution

AFTER:

AFTER:

BEFORE:

BEFORE:

Bias

According to New York State, BIAS will be defined this way:

Bias- Refers to one-sidedness.

*Bias is presented as prejudice in favor of or against something.

Examine the painting below. Look familiar?

According to the definition above, how could this painting be considered BIASED? (Hint: Check the source!)

Image: American Progress, painted by George A. Crofutt in 1873. From the Library of Congress.

1. Evidence: What makes you believe this? __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Evidence: What makes you believe this? ___________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

3. Evidence: What makes you believe this? ___________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Based on the answers you wrote on the front, WHO do you think was the artist’s audience? What makes you believe this? (Remember: The answer goes beyond “Americans”.)

Based on all of your previous answers, WHAT do you think the artist’s intended purpose was for creating this painting? What did he hope to accomplish?

Presenting: The “New” Multiple Choice Question

The “new” multiple-choice questions are in the format that you will see on the NYS Social Studies Regents and Advanced Placement exams.

What makes them “new”? Unlike traditional multiple choice questions where the answer is usually found within a given document, now, the answers to the given questions will not come directly from a document. Rather, the content of the document will assist you with coming up with a concept, event, etc., that will relate to the content in the question and answer.

To help you with this new format, remember the acronym “AIRS”.

ANALYZE: Don’t neglect any sourcing information. Consider the historical content of the sourcing information, including the document citation.

IDENTIFY: What’s the Point or Purpose of the information presented in the document? Who is the primary audience of the document?

RELATE: How does the content of the document impact or influence the given question and answer?

SELECT: Choose the answer that best satisfies the question.

Document 1

The colonial economy depended on international trade. American ships carried products such as lumber, tobacco, rice, and dried fish to Britain. In turn, the mother country sent textiles and manufactured goods back to America.

Analyze:

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/photo/colonial-trade/


IDENTIFY:

Purpose-

Audience:

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/photo/colonial-trade/


Relate:

What are some elements in the document that may be important to answer the questions?

*Hint!

Which concept best describes the relationship

depicted in the document?

Select:

A. Cultural Diffusion

B. Imperialism https://www.nationalgeographic.org/photo/colonial-trade/

C. Mercantilism

D. Nationalism

According to the document, which of these was mostly the result of the relationship depicted?

A. Exploration and conquering of new lands

B. The American Revolution

C. The French and Indian War

D. The War of 1812

Document 2

Analyze

Identify:

Purpose-

Audience-

Relate:


Select:

The action described in the poster came about most directly as a result of:

A. Passage of the Fugitive Slave Law

B. Start of the Civil War

C. Issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation

D. Enactment of the 13th Amendment

A person who agreed with the authors point of view would most likely support:

A. Sectionalism

B. Segregation

C. Imperialism

D. Abolition

Document 3

Analyze

Identify:

Purpose-

Audience-

Relate:


Select:

Information on the graph most clearly supports the conclusion that the Erie Canal

A. Slowed migration to the Midwest

B. Replaced railroads as the main method of transportation

C. Improved transportation between the Hudson River and the Great Lakes

D. Relied on the development of steamboats for canal use

One major result of the completion of the Erie Canal was that

A. The population of Rochester fell

B. Shipping on Lake Champlain decreased

C. Manufacturing along the canal declined

D. New York City became the nation’s commercial center

Document 4

Sold by “Pap” Singleton, author of the exodus. A native of Tennessee, Benjamin “Pap” Singleton was born enslaved in 1809 and became one of the leading promoters of black migration to Kansas in the 1870s. Singleton organized black settlements in Cherokee and Morris Counties in Kansas.

The Land That Gives Birth to Freedom

Words by Hester Hickman. Arranged by A. D. DeFrantz, Nashville, Tennessee, 1877.

Analyze

Identify:

Purpose-

Audience-

Relate:

We have held a meeting to ourselves to see if we can’t

Plan some way to live. (Repeat.)

Chorus--Marching along, yes we are marching along,

To Kansas City we are bound. (Repeat)

We have Mr. Singleton for our President, he will go on

before us and lead us through. (Repeat)

Chorus --

Surely this must be the Lord that has gone before him,

and opened the way. (Repeat.)

Chorus --

For Tennessee is a hard slavery State, and we find no

Friends in this country. (Repeat.)

Chorus --

Truly it is hard, but we all have to part, and flee into a

Strange land unknown. (Repeat.)

Chorus --

We want peaceful homes and quiet firesides; no one to

Disturb us or turn us out. (Repeat.)

Chorus --


Extending Our Voices to Heaven.

Farewell, dear friends, farewell.

We are on our rapid march to Kansas, the land that gives

Birth to freedom. May God Almighty bless you all.


Many dear mothers who are sleeping in the tomb of clay

Have spent all their days in slavery in old Tennessee.


The time has come, we all must part, and take the parting band,


It seems to me like the year of jubilee has come; surely

this is the time that is spoken of in history.


https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/exodusters-african-american-migration-to-the-great-plains/sources/1663

Select:

Which of the following most directly resulted in the song above? *You must consider the Reconstruction era and the historical content of the time period to accurately answer this question.

a. Success of sharecropping for former slaves

b. Failure of the Ku Klux Klan and their intent

c. False sense of access to opportunities in the West

d. Willingness of Southern governments to embrace the Reconstruction amendments

Document 5

While Kansas was the most popular destination for Exodusters, migrants also relocated to Oklahoma, Colorado, and other destinations on the Great Plains. This map shows black communities established by Exodusters in Kansas and Oklahoma.

Analyze

Identify:

Purpose-

Audience-

Relate:


https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/exodusters-african-american-migration-to-the-great-plains/sources/1664

Select:

What turning point most likely led to western migration of African Americans?

a. Criticism from U.S. allies regarding slavery

b. The Election of Abraham Lincoln

c. Ratification of the 14 Amendment

d. The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

What else could have been a turning point that led to western migration of African Americans?

*Think about was happening in the Reconstruction Era.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Documents

Pittsford Central School District · Web viewWhole Body Listening Skills 6 Strategy for being Attentive in Class- “SLANT” 7 Historic Thinking Skills Quick Reference Page No. Extra