-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
1/11
THE INTERDEPENDENCEAMONG LIVING ORGANISMS
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
2/11
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ORGANISMS
AND THE ENVIRONMENT
There are various types of biological interactions such as
prey-predator,commensalism, mutualism, parasitism, and competition.
There are manyreasons on why biological interaction is
important.
One of the importance of biological interaction is that it
maintains the
food web. A food web shows the food relationship among
livingorganisms and most food webs start with green plants. An
example of afood web is that of grass eaten by a grasshopper, a
grasshopper eatenby a frog, a frog eaten by a snake and an owl. If
biological interactiondoesnt exist, many animals would die from
starvation as the food webwouldnt exist.
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
3/11
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ORGANISMS
AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Another reason on why biological interaction is important is
because
it controls the population of living organisms. A predator is a
livingorganism that hunts other living organisms for food and a
prey is a livingorganism that is hunted by predators. For example,
a lion is a predator
and a zebra is its prey. The population of living organisms
would beoverloaded if biological interaction didnt exist.
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
4/11
INTERACTION AMONG LIVING THINGS
Why Organisms InteractOrganisms (including humans) interact with
eachother all the time, whether we know it or not. Most
of the interactions between species involve food: competing for
the same food supply
eating
avoiding being eaten
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
5/11
INTERACTION AMONG LIVING THINGS
(a) Prey-Predator . The animals that hunt other animals forfood
are called predators, while the hunted animals
are preys.(b) The predators which are carnivores have
powerful
jaws, sharp and strong teeth, goodstereoscopic vision, sharp
claws or hard and strong
beaks.(c) The preys have a wide field of monoscopic vision
to
detect predators or are able to camouflagewith their
surroundings in order to escape from the
predators.(d) The examples are tigers (predators) and horses
(preys),
eagles (predators) and rabbit (preys).
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
6/11
SYMBIOSIS:COMMENSALISM, PARASITISM AND MUTUALISM
Symbiosis
1. Insymbiosis, different organism live together in a
closerelationship.
2. In symbiosis, one organism always benefits by receiving food,
aplace to stay and shelter. The other
organism may benefit, be at a disadvantage or is not
affected.
3. There are three types of symbiotic relationship,
i.e.commensalism. parasitism and mutualism.
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
7/11
SYMBIOSIS:COMMENSALISM, PARASITISM AND MUTUALISM
Commensalism
commensalism is a class of relationship between two
organismswhere one organism benefits without affecting the
other.
Examples of animals that live on other animals to obtain
food
that fall out of the host's mouth, aswell as for shelter and
transport are(a) remora fish that live on a shark
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
8/11
SYMBIOSIS:COMMENSALISM, PARASITISM AND MUTUALISM
Parasitism
Parasitismis another type of interaction between twoorganism.
Only one organism benefits. The other organism isnegatively or
adversely affected.
A parasite is the organism that lives on or inside the
otherorganism. The host is the organism on which the parasite
lives.The host is negatively affected by this interaction. The
parasitemay even kill the host.
A parasite obtains food, shelter and transport from the host.For
example, a tick that lives on a host feeds on the host'sblood.
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
9/11
SYMBIOSIS:COMMENSALISM, PARASITISM AND MUTUALISM
MutualismMutualism is the way two organisms of different species
exist
in a relationship in which each individual benefits.
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
10/11
THE ADVANTAGES AND THE DISADVANTAGES OF BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL IN AGRICULTURE
Advantages1)free of side effects2)safe to handle or use3)occurs
naturally
4)survive of low host density
Disadvantages1)control is slow2)it is often unpredictable
3)slow to achieve results4)disruption of food chains
-
7/27/2019 The Interdependence Among Living Organisms With the
Environment
11/11
BRIEFLY THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN
MAINTAINING A BALANCE ECOSYSTEM
The Earth's atmosphere contains many different gases. Twogases
that are of special importance to living organisms areoxygen and
carbon dioxide. These two gases are used duringrespiration and
photosynthesis. The atmosphere must have a
proper balance of these gases to support life.
