Cold WarEisenhower Years

Eisenhower YearsWas a famous WW2 GeneralCommanded Operation Overlord aka… D-DayShort biography: click here

Brinksmanship= massive retaliation

Diplomatic policy of going to the edge of all out war against the USSRJohn Foster Dulles, Secretary of State for Eisenhower (1953-1961)Brinksmanship was a way to stop spread of communism with the threat of war

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)

United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy

Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece &

Turkey 1955: West

Germany 1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact (1955)

} U. S. S. R.} Albania} Bulgaria} Czechoslovak

ia

} East Germany

} Hungary} Poland} Rumania

H Bomb

  Twenty times more powerful than the first atomic bomb, it inaugurated the start of a terrifying arms race

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The Ideological StruggleSoviet &

Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron

Curtain”]

US & the Western

Democracies

GOAL spread world-wide Communism

GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]

METHODOLOGIES: Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] Arms Race [nuclear escalation] Ideological Competition for the minds and

hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”

Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

Space Race starts in 1957

Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.

Sputnik 2 carried the first living creature into orbit, a small female dog named Laika.

SPACE RACE:

USA forms NASA in order to keep up with the Russians

Escape from cities in case of nuclear attackEasy way to move troops in case of attackEconomically a winner… transporting goods

U 2 Spy Plane Incident1960

USSR shoots down USA spy plane over RussiaSpy flight unauthorized and cause of embarrassment to USAPilot:

Francis Gary Powers

U2 Incident 1960

Powers was jailed in Russia until Feb. 1962

Eisenhower starts CIA

Central Intelligence AgencyMission is to gather information and carry out secret missions to weaken or overthrow nations unfriendly to the USA

CIA: Central Intelligence Agency / Spies

CIA helps – IRAN (1953) and puts

Shah in power– Guatemala (1954)– Conducts spy work

throughout the world to stop communism

1956 Hungarian Uprising

Kruschev becomes leader of USSR in 1956Hungary protestors turn violent against their RUSSIAN occupiers.Russians send in tanks.

Eisenhower Doctrine

USA to provide $$$ and aid to Middle East nations who would avoid alliance with Communism

U 2 Spy Plane Incident1960

USSR shoots down USA spy plane over RussiaSpy flight unauthorized and cause of embarrassment to USAPilot:

Francis Gary Powers

John F. Kennedy (JFK) became president after Eisenhower

JFKEisenhower: IKE