8-2: THE EARLY COLD WAR

1953-1963

EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR

• Massive Retaliation (or brinksmanship)

• modified containment to include liberation

• If attacked, response would be massive

• Nuclear deterrent instead of conventional use of armed forces

• Hydrogen bombs tested (U.S. 1952, USSR, 1953)

• Vietnam and Domino Theory—SEATO

EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR

• Relations with the USSR

• Death of Stalin (1953)

• Replaced by Nikita Khrushchev

• “Peaceful coexistence”

• Polish and Hungarian uprisings quickly crushed, souring American-Soviet relations

• Sputnik (1957)

• Soviet satellite

• U.S. fear, creation of NASA

• U-2 Incident (1960)

• U.S. spy plane shot down

• Khrushchev cancels joint summit

EISENHOWER AND THE COLD WAR

• The Middle East

• Suez Crisis

• Eisenhower Doctrine

• OPEC and Oil

• Eisenhower’s Legacy

• Warned of dangers of “military-industrial complex”

KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Alliance for Progress

• Bay of Pigs

• Cuban Missile Crisis

• Berlin Wall