Directed Energy Test Science and Technology HPM Sensor Program

2011 Annual ITEA Technology ReviewAnnapolis, Maryland

July 19, 2011

Jeff SchleherDET S&T Subject Matter ExpertJeffrey.S.Schleher@saic.com

Dan TreibelDET S&T Subject Matter ExpertDaniel.O.Treibel@saic.com

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Topics

• HPM Sensor Requirements• DET S&T Sensors – Why they Meet the Needs• Sensor Test Activities• Other Test range Applications• Conclusions

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What is High Power Microwave

• High Peak Power Generally Low Average Power– Giga Watts Peak – Watts Average

• Very Fast Rise Time – Narrow Pulses – Low Repetition Rate– Pico-seconds - <100 ns – 1 to 1000 ppm

• Frequency– 50 MHz to 100 GHz

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Tri-Service Study

• Joint Service HPM System Test Concepts– Test Parameters Required to Execute Test Concepts

• Service Workshops for Test Range, Laboratory, and Program Office Personnel to Validate/Correct Test Concepts

• Capability Call to Ranges to Support Test Concepts– Survey of test range HPM test capability

• Test Shortfalls Identified– Divided into development or Science & Technology required

• Shortfalls Approved by Government Oversight

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DE T&E Shortfall Resolution

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DETEC Tri-Service Study

DE Stakeholders:• MRTFB/DoD Labs• Weapon Sys Dev• Industry/Academia• Intel Community

DETEC Domain

ENGR DEV

TECH ADV

AoA Candidates

FUTURE DEV

Tech Enablers

DET S&TDomain

DE T&ECapabilities

Risk Reduction/P3I

DET S&T WGDETEC IPT

Strategic Plan for DoDT&EResources

AoA – Analysis of AlternativesMRTFB – Major Range & Test Facility BaseP3I – Pre-planned Product Improvement

DE Weapons/Threats

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Where to Measure HPM

Source Propagation Medium Target Platform Target Electronics

Type 1SurfaceMine

Type 2BuriedMines

Type 3SurfaceMine

IEDs on Guard Rail

IED Between 2Metal Sheet CM

IED Controller

Type 1Surface Mine

Daisy ChainIEDs

Ground Effects

Threat TestingMIL STD 464C

InternalMeasurements

Ground Effects

IEMS

APOS

APOS

IEMS

IEMS

APOS

Over Head Attack

C-IED, C-Mine Testing

Power- Platform -Test Source

CTAS

Safety

APOSIEMS

APOSIEMS

IEMS

APOS

C-IED

ClaymoreMine IED

Type 3Mine IED

Type 3BuriedMine

Metal SheetCar Simulation

Weapon System Test EOS

Near FieldAPOS

VoltagePotentialNeeded

Current SensorNeeded

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DET S&T Sensor Technology Programs

• E-Field EO Sensors– EO Crystals Pockel Effect– Tailored EO Polymers

Pockel Effect– EO Crystals Kerr Effect

• H-Field MO Sensors– MO Crystals Faraday Effect

• Current Sensors– No current project – Broad

Area Announcement• Voltage Potential

– No current project

• E-Field Crystal– Electro-Optical Sensor Technology

(EOST)– Compact Three Axis Sensor (CTAS)– Integrated Electro-Magneto-optic Sensor

(IEMS)• E-Field Polymer

– Dielectric Electromagnetic Field Probes (DEFP)

– Advanced Polymer Optical Sensors (APOS)

• Magnetic Sensors– Magnetic Optical Field Sensors (MOFS)– Integrated Electro-Magneto-optic Sensor– Spectrographic Magnetic Field Sensor

(SMFS)– Advanced Polymer Optical Sensors

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DET S&T Sensors for HPM

NRL E- and H-fieldIntegrated Electro-Magneto-optic Sensor

(IEMS)

IPITEK/BYU/ Univ. of WashingtonAdvanced Polymer Optical Sensors

(APOS)

Crystal and PolymerSlab Coupled Optical Sensor (SCOC)

Intended for electronics boards in single axis format

Sensor

Sensor

Single Axis MO sensortested at White Sands

4-axis sensor3-axis E-field1-axis H=field

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Characteristics of Sensors

• Direct Measure of E and H-Field• Non-intrusive (< 1% demonstrated in laboratory)• Small to Very Small Foot Print (cm to mm)• Three Axis• Sensitive• Survive to 3MV/m (air breakdown)• Wide Band Width

– 1MHz – 12 GHz demonstrated /NIST validated– < 1kHz to 100 GHz theoretical (different crystals)

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NIST Certification

• Electro-Optical Sensor Technology (EOST)• Single Access EO Transmission Sensor (Pockel Effect)• First DET S&T sensor project• Field Tested at Dahlgren • Started as LiNbO3 changed to KD*P – greater sensitivity• Validated at National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)• Uncertain where Prototype went• PAX River has one• NRL HPM has one

NIST Tested 1 MHz to 10 GHz

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Field Testing Non-Intrusive Sensors

NRL 4-AxisSensor TestingNarrow Band At PAX River

IPITEK APOSSensor TestingNarrow BandAnd Wide Band At White SandsHigh Power Test Site

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Sensor Progress

IEMSComplete

APOSIn progress

MOFSComplete

Tested at PAX River NIST Review (1MHz – 10 GHz)

Tested in Railgun @ GTRI SCOS Lab Test Results

Brass Board Lab Tested FO Calibration Cables a Problem

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E3 Testing>3 GHz

HEMPTesting

<100kHz

Micro-Antenna

Characterization2.3GHz

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Wider Sensor Range Application

• High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Testing– MIL-STD 188-125– Like HPM – Lower Frequencies, Longer Pulses

• Electronic Warfare• Electromagnetic Environmental Effects

– Wider Bandwidth – Lower Power – Radar Like Pulses

• Spectrum Management– Conventional Equipment – Averaging– Typically Non-directional

• Other Application

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High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Testing

Satellite Communications Trailer Shielding Effectiveness

Continuous Wave Immersion

Pulse Testing

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MIL STD 188-125 Testing

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Electromagnetic Warfare Testing

CREW Jammer Iraq Test Shortfalls• Energy does not always

reach target receivers• Ground Effects and

Urban Structures Part of Cause

• Conventional Sensor don’t work well close to ground or conductive objects

• DET S&T Non-intrusive sensors do!

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Electromagnetic EnvironmentalEffects Testing

E3 Testing• MIL STD 464C now includes HPM

Testing Methods– Expanded on MIL STD 464A

• MIL STD 464A RF Impact on Systems

– Ordinance (HERO)– Fuels (HERF)– Personnel (HERP)– High Altitude Nuclear Pulse (HEMP)– Electronics

• And:– Lightning– Precipitation Static

MIL STD 464C Testing

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D-dotProbe

Side lobesWidebandThreatSystems

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Range Spectrum Management

Conventional Averaging Sensors DET ST 3-Axis Sensors

Time Domain Data DetectedRise Times to 6-ps DemonstratedImpulse waveforms < 5ns Demonstrated

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CTAS Tested with 3-axis AR sensorAt PAX River

5.5 turns

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Conclusions

• DET S&T E and H-Field Sensors Are Developed for Range Testing of High Powered Microwave Systems– Starting work on non-intrusive current and voltage potential

sensors

• DET S&T E and H-Field sensor prototypes proven at ranges and measured by NIST

• These Sensors Could Serve a Wide Selection of Test Uses out side HPM– High altitude Electromagnetic Pulse– Electronic Warfare– Electromagnetic Environmental Effects– Spectrum Management

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Back-up Slides

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Questions?

The very first "senior moment".....

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