VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Chapter 5Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debit

Text Sources

1. Nelson Physical Education VCE Units 3&4: 4th Edition – Malpeli, Horton, Davey and Telford 2006.

2. Live It Up 2: 2nd Edition – Smyth, Brown, Judge, McCallum and Pritchard 2006.

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Body Systems - Respiratory

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Body Systems - Circulatory

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Body Systems - Muscular

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Muscle Structure Overview

Oxygen Uptake

Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debit

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Delivery of Oxygen to the Working Muscles

• The respiratory system is responsible for the extraction of oxygen from the atmosphere. This process is called ventilation.

• Diffusion – Exchange of gases based on concentration levels (High to low). Occurs at a cellular level (In the lungs and in the muscle cell)

• Cardiac output (Heart rate x stroke volume) - The heart pumps out oxygenated blood to the vascular system.

• Oxygen combines with haemoglobin in the blood• Myoglobin, in the muscle attracts the oxygen from the blood and draws it into the mitochondria.• Waste produces of aerobic metabolism is removed from the muscle cell via diffusion.See fig 5.2 p.119

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Oxygen Uptake

Limiting factors to oxygen uptake;•Respiratory system – ability to take in oxygen•Cardiovascular system – ability to transport and deliver oxygen•Muscular system – Utilisation of oxygen•Type of exercise performed, genetic inheritance, lifestyle, age and gender.

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Heart Rate and Oxygen consumption

When exercising;•Our heart rate increases to meet the oxygen demands for the working muscles.•The relationship between HR and oxygen consumption is linear.•Trained athletes are able to utilise their oxygen uptake more efficiently than non trained people.

See fig 5.3 p.119

p.119

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Heart Rate and Intensity

Oxygen Deficit

Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debit

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Oxygen Deficit

Oxygen deficit occurs when the demand for oxygen exceeds the supply of oxygen available.The body therefore needs to obtain ATP through anaerobic pathways.Short duration/high intensity – Lactic acid is produced but is removed once oxygen demands are met.

Performance is hindered due to the presence of lactic acidOnce oxygen demands are met, the body reaches its steady state.Aerobic glycolysis assists in the removal of lactic acid.

p.120

Acute Responses

Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debit

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Acute Responses

Acute responses occur to supply extra oxygen and nutrients to support ATP production.Acute responses include;•Reduction in creatine stores•Accumulation of lactic acid•Increase in epinephrine (Regulates BP and O2 consumption levels)

•Reduction in glycogen stores•Increase in muscle temperature•Increase in cardiac output•Redistribution of blood to working muscles.Responses are dependent on intensity, duration, fitness levels and type of activity used.

p.122

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Acute ResponsesAcute responses to exercise. Increase in;•Oxygen intake•Transport of oxygen•Extraction of oxygen from the blood•Consumption of oxygen by working muscles•Continues until maximum uptake is met (VO2 max)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/

Oxygen Debt

Oxygen Uptake, Oxygen Deficit and Oxygen Debit

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Oxygen Debit

After exercise our demand for ATP decreases but we still need to ‘repay’ the oxygen needed during exercise.

This is why we puff after intense activities.

The higher the intensity and duration of activities, the longer the oxygen debit.

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

EPOC

Another term used for oxygen recovery is EPOC – excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.Alactacid Debt – Oxygen used to restore ATP and PC storesLactacid Debt - Oxygen used to remove lactic acid from cells/blood.Additional oxygen is used to recover the energy systems.Data Analysis p.124-5See Fig 5.9 p.126

p.127

VCE Physical Education - Unit 3

Web Links – Chapter 5•Australian Sports Commission: http://www.ausport.gov.au •Find 30 promotion (Government of WA Department of Health): http://www.find30.com.au •Walking School Bus promotion (UK): http://www.walkingbus.com •Ministry of Health (New Zealand) toolkits: http://www.newhealth.govt.nz •The 10,000 Steps Rockhampton project: http://www.10000steps.org.au/rockhampton/ •Travelsmart Australia: http://www.travelsmart.gov.au •World Health Organisation: http://www.who.int •Heart Foundation Australia: http://www.heartfoundation.com.au •VicHealth (The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation): http://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au •Be Active promotion (Government of South Australia): http://www.beactive.com.au •Go For Your Life: http://www.goforyourlife.vic.gov.au •Physical Activity Resources for Health Professionals – Introduction (Centre for disease control and prevention – USA): http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/health_professionals/index.htm •Health Promotion (Public Health Agency of Canada): http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/index.html •Strategic Inter-Governmental Forum on Physical Activity and Health (SIGPAH): http://www.nphp.gov.au/workprog/sigpah/ •Healthy youth (Centre for disease control and prevention (USA): http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/ •America On The Move promotion: http://www.americaonthemove.org •Papers from the International Journal of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity: http://www.ijbnpa.org/home •Department of health and aging (Australian government): http://www.health.gov.au/internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/content/home •Building a healthy, active Australia (Australian government): http://www.healthyactive.gov.au •National Public Health Partnership: http://www.nphp.gov.au •Be Active promotion (Government of South Australia): http://www.beactive.com.au •Sport and Recreation Australia: http://www.sport.vic.gov.au

•Interactive body and mind tests from the BBC UK: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody •Human anatomy: http://www.innerbody.com •Information about the body and anatomy – Virtual Body: http://www.ehc.com/vbody.asp •Article – Oxygen Deficit: A Measure of Anaerobic Capacity: http://www.faccioni.com/Reviews/oxygendeficit.htm •Information on the transport of oxygen in the blood, from the Australasian Society of Cardio-Vascular Perfusionists: http://www.perfusion.com.au/CCP/Physiology/Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport.htm •Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma – A primer on maximum oxygen consumption: http://www.nismat.org/physcor/max_o2.html •Australian Sports Commission: http://www.ausport.gov.au

•Sports Coach UK: http://www.brianmac.demon.co.uk