CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V QUN L D N*Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vnGing vin: ThS Th Lan AnhB mn: Qun l d n Khoa Ti chnh K tonHc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Tng quan v qun l d n1.1 Khi nim d nKhi nim. Tnh cht d n1.2 Qun l d nKhi nim. Tiu chun qun l d n1.3 Cc yu t nh hng ti QLDAVng i d nCc thnh phn ca d nc im t chc1.4 Quy trnh QLDA
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.1. Khi nim d n/nh nghaMt tp hp cc hot ng c lin kt v t chc cht ch, c thi im bt u v kt thc c th, do c nhn hoc t chc thc hin, nhm t c nhng mc ch c th trong iu kin rng buc v thi gian, chi ph v kt qu hot ng (Vin Tiu chun quc gia Anh, Guide to Project Management 2000)Mt n lc tm thi c tin hnh to ra mt sn phm hay dch v duy nht (PMI, PMBOK 2004)**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.1. Khi nim d n/ Tnh chtPhm vi ca d n: Mi d n l duy nht v phi c th hin bng vn bn, c xem xt yu cu hot ng, mc dch v, cc quy nh phi tun th v cht lng ca sn phm Ngn sch: Ngun ti chnh cn thit cho d nThi gian thc hin: Ngy khi u v kt thc xc nh ca d n**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.1. Khi nim d n/ Tnh chtTnh duy nhtMc ch r rngThi gian tn ti hu hnB gii hn bi cc ngun lc hn chMang tnh ri ro cao
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.2. Qun l d nQun l d n (QLDA) l vic vn dng tng hp cc kin thc, k nng, cng c v k thut ra cc quyt nh qun l ph hp lut php, a d n t ti cc mc tiu t ra (PMBOK 2004)**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
**1.2. Qun l d nThi gianKt quNgun lcQLDAng thi hnt mc tiu v cht lng, kt qung ngun lc c phn bHnh: Tiu chun qun l d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Ti sao phi qun l d n?**1.2. Qun l d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l d n v qun l chng trnh: Chng trnh l k hoch di hn, gm nhiu d n. Qun l chng trnh l vic qun l phi kt hp, tp trung ha gia cc d n cu thnh, ch trng ti mi lin h ph thuc gia chng, nhm t c cc mc tiu v li ch chin lc. **1.2. Qun l d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l d n v qun l nghip v: Qun l nghip v l qun l lin tc cc cng vic hng ngy ca doanh nghip, t chc, khng c im kt thc. Qun l nghip v phi m bo tt c cc hot ng ca cng ty c thc hin tri chy v cc nhn vin lm vic ng chc trch ca mnh**1.2. Qun l d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Tiu chun qun l d nPRINCE2 ng dng ph bin ti Anh, Chu u v cPMBOK p dng ph bin Bc M v cc nc ngoi Chu u v c, vi cac quy trnh chun ho c a vao chun quc gia cua My ANSI/PMI 99-001-2008**1.2. Qun l d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qun l d nVng i ca mt d n
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qun l d n**Bin ng v chi phi thay i va v rui ro bt trc theo vong i cua DA Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qun l d nQun l d n theo giai onp dng vi cc d n ln, phc tpCc giai on DA ni tip: Gim ri ro nhng ko di thi gianCc giai on DA giao thoa: tit kim thi gian nhng ri ro caoD n c cc giai on thay th nhau: p dng vi cc d n phc tp, nhiu yu t bin i**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qun l d nChu k ca d n pht trin phn mmNhn dng nhu cu phn mmKhi u nm bt c yu cu ca cng vicThit k h thng mt cch logicLn k hoch kim tra sn phmPhn tch ri ro v a ra nhng gi .**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.3. Cc yu t nh hng ti qun l d nCc ch th lin quan ti d nNhm ch th gin tip : Nhn vin ca cc b phn khng lin quan trc tip ti d n; qun l mi trng, hnh chnh, chnh trNhm ch th trc tip : nh ti tr, nh qun l d n, nh qun l chc nng, nh qun l nghip v tham gia vo d n, khch hng, nh cung cp. **Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
**S QUAN H TC NG CA CC CH TH TI DABi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.3. Cc yu t nh hng QLDAc im t chc nh hng ti QLDAQuy trnh, c cu t chc v vn ha doanh nghipCc chun quy nh ca CP, ban ngnh, C s h tng, cc phng tin, thit b hin c ca doanh nghipNgun nhn lc, H thng QLNSiu kin th trng, yu t chnh tr, h thng thng tin ca d n**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDAQuy trnh: mt chui cc hot ng u n hay lin tc c thc hin theo mt cch nh nhm t c kt qu**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDAKhi s d n (Initiating)Lp k hoch (Planning)Thc thi (Executing)Kim sot (Controlling)Kt thc d n (Closing)5 nhm quy trnh/42 quy trnh/9 mng kin thc3 ni dung ca quy trnh: u vo, cng c v k thut x l u vo, u ra
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDA**S chng cho ca cc nhm quy trnh trong mt giai on d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDANhm quy trnh Khi s (Initiation)c thc hin xc nh v thng qua d nKt qu: Bn iu l d n (quy m, ngun ti chnh) v Danh sch cc ch th lin quan n d n. Giy php DAc lp li mi giai on trong cc d n ln**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDANhm quy trnh Lp k hoch (Planning)Xc nh quy m ca d n, sng lc li cc mc tiu d n, la chn phng n hnh ng tt nht t ti cc mc tiu yKt qu: Bn k hoch qun l d n v cc ti liu d n hng dn vic thc thi d n. **Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDANhm quy trnh Thc thi d n (Executing)Thc hin cc cng vic c xc nh trong bn k hoch QLDATrng tm: kt hp con ngi v cc ngun lc theo phng thc nht nh nhm t c mc tiu d n.Chi tiu phn ln kinh ph ca d n**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDANhm quy trnh Kim sot d n (Controlling)nhng quy trnh cn thit theo di, xem xt, iu tit qu trnh v tin ca d n; xc nh nhng b phn d n cn thay i; v bt u nhng thay i tng ng**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
1.4. Quy trnh QLDANhm quy trnh Kt thc d n (Closing)Gm nhng quy trnh c thc hin hon thin tt c cc cng vic trn mi quy trnh qun l nhm chnh thc hon thnh d n**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
CHNG 2: T CHC TRONG QUN L D NGing vin: ThS Th Lan AnhB mn: Qun l d n Khoa Ti chnh K tonHc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
*Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
C cu t chc trong QLDA2.1 Khi nim2.2 Cc m hnh t chc trong QLDAT chc QLDA theo chc nngT chc QLDA theo d nT chc QLDA dng ma trnMa trn yuMa trn mnhMa trn cn bng2.3 Vai tr ca ngi QLDA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.1 Khi nim t chc QLDA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.1 Khi nim t chc QLDA Xy dng c cu t chc QLDA tu thuc vo cch thc v chin lc qun l, phm vi v ln ca DA. Mc tiu: qun l DA hiu qu nht bng lc lng lao ng c hu hin c. Nguyn tc chung: Cn b chuyn trch cho DA ln; khng gian lm vic chung cho cc thnh vin; hp nht cng vic gia cc b phn, nhn vin**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.1 Khi nim t chc QLDA2 nhm qun l:Qun l chc nng: Qun l cc nghip v lin quan ti d n trong phm vi doanh nghipQun l d n: Tm cch s dng, phn b tt nht cc ngun lc trong v ngoi DN t c mc tiu d n C s mu thun t cc nhm qun l?**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.1 Khi nim t chc QLDANgi qun l d nCn phi lm nhng g?Khi no nhim v phi xongTi sao phi lm nhim v ny?D n c thc hin c hiu qu khng?Ngn sch dnh cho nhim v cn bao nhiu?Ngi qun l chc nngNhim v s c thc hin nh th no?Nhim v s c thc hin u?Ai s thc hin nhim v?Vic s dng ngun lc trong d n c hiu qu khng?**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDA**2.2.1 M hnh t chc qun l theo chc nngBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDA**2.2.2 M hnh t chc qun l theo d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDAtp hp con ngi t cc b phn chc nng khc nhau thnh lp t DA4 m hnh: Ma trn yu, ma trn mnh, ma trn cn bng, ma trn hn hp**2.2.3 M hnh t chc qun l theo ma trnBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDA**T chc DA theo dng ma trn yu Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDA**T chc DA theo dng ma trn cn bng Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDA**T chc DA theo dng ma trn mnhBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDA**T chc DA theo dng ma trn hn hpD n AD n BBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.2 Cc m hnh t chc QLDALu khi la chn m hnh t chc DAS r rng v quyn hn, trch nhim ca tng v tr minh bch v thng tinS lp qun l cng t cng ttNhu cu, hiu sut s dng ngun lcTnh linh hotTc trao i thng tin gia cc v trChi ph hot ng**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
2.3 Ngi qun l d n**Lnh o (leader)m phnQun lBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
CHNG 3: PHNG PHP LNG TRONG QUN L D N*Ging vin: ThS Th Lan AnhB mn: Qun l d n Khoa Ti chnh K tonHc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thngBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Gii thiu chng 3M hnhXy dng m hnh phn tch s liu QLDA;QLDA vi m hnh Balanced scorecard ;Qun l d n vi m hnh Kano;Phng php nh tnh:D bo (forecast)Xc sut Thng k (probabilities, statistics)Ti u ho (optimization)M phng (simulation): M hnh sp hng; M hnh tm s lao ng ti u
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Phng php lng trong QLDAXy dng m hnh phn tch d liu**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi tonCng ty Rng ng chuyn sn xut cc sn phm X1, X2 t cc nguyn vt liu AR1, R2, R3.Li nhun ca sn phm X1, X2 ln lt l 150 v 200 (nghn ng/sp)Lng R1, R2, R3 hin c trong kho l: 200, 1566, 2880Sn xut 1 sn phm X1 cn: 1 R1, 9 R2, 12 R3, 1 sn phm X2 cn: 1 R1, 6 R2, 16 R3. Xc nh sn lng X1, X2 ti u.**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton phn nhimYu cu: 4 Ph G xung kim tra cc c s ti Leipzig, Nancy, Liege Tilburg. Chi ph c ngi nh sau. Tm gii php ti u.
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton phn nhimCc gi thuyt:Cung vt cu?Cu vt cung?Phn nhim bt kh thi?**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton phn phi*Xem xt cng tc vn chuyn sn phm t 5 xng ti 4 im phn phi, Cng ty in Bu in nhn thy nn ng ca 1/1 s xng nhm gim chi ph vn hnh, cho d c tng chi ph vn chuyn. Tm phng n ti u*Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Chi ph vn chuynNhu cuXng Ngc HiXng Gia LmXng Hong MaiXng Mai DchXng Vn PhcHon Kim$4,000 $2,000 $3,000 $2,500 $4,500 15Ba nh$2,500 $2,600 $3,400 $3,000 $4,000 18ng a$1,200 $1,800 $2,600 $4,100 $3,000 14Cu Giy$2,200 $2,600 $3,100 $3,700 $3,200 20Nng lc xng2022171918Chi ph vn hnh xng$12,000 $15,000 $17,000 $13,000 $16,000
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton tuyn sinh**Hc vin CNBCVT tuyn sinh ti 2 c s H ng v Nam h t 5 vng. Do chnh sch x hi, Hc vin phi nhn cc hc sinh dn tc ngi dn tc, vi s lng t 30 n 40% tng s hc sinh hng nm. Tm gii php tuyn sinh ti u. Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
C so toCh tiu tuyn sinhKhong cch n trng (km)Vng dn tc thiu sVng kinh12345H ng1.50020121045Nam h2.0001518865Dn s5004503001.0001.000
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton B tr lao ng**Bu cc H ng theo di tnh trng kinh doanh cc ngy trong tun v nhn thy tip c ht khch hng trong ngy, cn b tr lao ng cc ngy trong tun nh sau. Mi lao ng phi c ngh 2 ngy/tun. Tm phng n thu lao ng ti u.
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton B tr lao ng**Bo tng Qun i cn thu bo v cho cc gian trng by, s nh sau. Yu cu tt c cc gian hng u phi c bo v. Tm phng n thu lao ng ti u. Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton Tm ng i**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vnTm ng i ngn nht t im xut pht ti im 6 v t im xut pht qua tt c cc im. Khong cch gia cc im xc nh c.
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ton D bo**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vnHng khng Vit nam ang c nh u t mt phn xng bo dng my bay ti sn bay Ni bi. D bo nhu cu bo dng my bay mi thng trong giai on ti t tm ra cng sut thch hp cho phn xng mi da trn s liu s lt my bay cn sa cha ln nh trong nm va qua.
ThngDoanh thuThngDoanh thu110977113721189812713106291078410551012355117511111361024121086
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
CHNG 4: QUN L NGUN LC D N*Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vnGing vin: ThS Th Lan AnhB mn: Qun l d n Khoa Ti chnh K tonHc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l ngun lc d n4.1 Qun l ngun nhn lc4.2 Qun l hot ng mua bn trong d n**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1 Qun l nhn s trong DA4.1.1 Khi nim v qun l nhn s trong d n4.1.2 M hnh qun l nhn s d n4.1.3 Cc hot ng chnh trong QLNS DA4.1.4 Cc k thut QLNS d n**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.1 Khi nim Nhn s DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.1 Khi nim Nhn s DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.1 Khi nim QLNS DANhng qu trnh cn thit s dng ti u nhn s tham gia vo DA, k c cc bn lin quan L qu trnh t c v duy tr s cng bng (quyn li v ngha v) v s p ng nhu cu nhn s (lng, o to, pht trin nng lc ngh nghip...) nhm nng cao hiu sut cng vic ca DATun th lut lao ng v cc quy tc**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.2 M hnh QLNS DAM hnh qun l dng chc nngM hnh qun l dng d nM hnh qun l dng ma trn**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.3 Cc hot ng QLNS DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.3 Cc hot ng QLNS DA**Lp k hoch nhn s l qu trnh xc nh nhu cu nhn s, xy dng chnh sch nhn s v cc chng trnh hnh ng nhm c c ngun nhn lc p ng vic thc hin mc tiu d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut phn tch nhu cu NS**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.3 Cc hot ng QLNS DA**Xy dng nhn s d n l qu trnh chnh thc thnh lp i ng nhn s ca d n: thnh lp i, tuyn chn nhn s, xc nh cch thc hot ng ca i. Cu hi: Lm th no c c i d n ng theo k hoch nhn sBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut tuyn chn nhn s**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.3 Cc hot ng QLNS DA**Pht trin i d n l qu trnh nng cao nng lc, tng tc nhm v mi trng hot ng chung tng cng hiu sut d n. Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut pht trin i d n**Forming: Hnh thnh. Cc thnh vin gp g, trao i v d n. E d, t ci mStorming: u tranh. Trao i cng vic, cc quyt nh k thut, cch tip cn d n. Tranh ginh v tr, c gng khng nh mnhNorming: Hon thin. Thng nht v thit lp cc thng l v quy nh cng vic. Bt u tin tng, lm vic cng nhauPerforming: Pht trin. ng lng nht tr v mc tiu chung. Thc hin c hiu qu cc mc tiu t raAdjourning: Kt thc. Hon thin, chuyn sang d n khcBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.1.3 Cc hot ng QLNS DA**iu chnh hot ng i DA l qu trnh quan st theo di hiu sut hot ng ca cc thnh vin trong nhm v thay i phng thc qun l ti u ha hiu sut ca d nBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut qun l xung t **Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2 Qun l mua bn trong DA4.2.1 Ni dung (mc tiu, phm vi) ca hot ng mua bn trong DA4.2.2 Quy trnh thc hin4.2.3 T chc u thu trong d n
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2.1 Ni dung Qun l mua bnCc quy trnh cn c mua (purchase) v chim hu (acquire) cc sn phm, dch v, hoc kt qu m DN cn t bn ngoi i DA;Cng tc qun l hp ngQuy trnh iu khin v iu tit s thay i cn c pht trin & qun l cc hp ng;Cc ngha v php l phi thc hin do hp ng quy nh;
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2.2 Quy trnh thc hin**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2.2 Quy trnh thc hinHoch nh nhu cu**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2.2 Quy trnh thc hinHoch nh nhu cu/kt quK hoch qun l TKTM : M t chi tit cc quy trnh t lc bt u c nhu cu TKTM cho n lc hp ng TKTM kt thcH s mi thu: theo quy nh ca lut u thu
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2.2 Quy trnh thc hinThc hin k hoch mua bn**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2.2 Quy trnh thc hinQun l hot ng mua bn**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
4.2.2 Quy trnh thc hinKt thc hot ng mua bn**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l hp ng
Nhm 1: Cc hp ng lin quan ti nhn lc qun l d n (gi l HNL) Nhm 2: Cc hp ng lin quan ti cc hot ng h tr qun l d n (HHT): H thu nh, in thoi Nhm 3: Cc hp ng mua sm trin khai d n (HMS)
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l hp ngHp ng trn gi: l hp ng theo gi khon gnHp ng cha kha trao tay: l hp ng bao gm ton b cc cng vic c thc hin thng qua mt nh thu.- Hp ng c iu chnh gi: ti thi im k kt hp ng khng iu kin xc nh chnh xc v s lng v khi lng /bin ng ln v gi c**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l hp ngHp ng c nh gi: l hp ng theo gi khon gn (Fix Price)Hp ng cha kha trao tay: l hp ng bao gm ton b cc cng vic c thc hin thng qua mt nh thu.- Hp ng c iu chnh gi (Cost Reimbursable): ti thi im k kt hp ng khng iu kin xc nh chnh xc v s lng v khi lng /bin ng ln v gi c**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Xy dng CSDL hp ng
Tp hp c t chc cc d liu lin quan ti vic trin khai, h tr v gim st thc hin cc hp ng, D liu s lng (v thi gian, gi tr hp ng, s lng nhn s v.v.) v d liu cht lng (a ch lin lc, ngha v quyn li, iu kin bo him v.v.) **Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Xy dng CSDL hp ngXc nh ni dung/tiu ch, bo co chun ca CSDL Thng nht h thng m, k hiu cho cc ni dung, tiu ch, bo co ca CSDL Tp hp cc d liu/chi tit lin quan ti cc hp ng ca d n Chn lc, xp xp v t chc cc d liu Lu tr, x l **Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Gim st thc hin hp ngNhm m bo rng mi hot ng trong hp ng c thc hin tt, loi b hoc gim thiu ti a tranh chp, thit hi, ri ro. Nhim v chnh: Kim tra tin v kt qu tha thun
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Phng php gim st HKho st thc t nh k Kho st thc t t xut Xem xt cc d liu c Xem xt chng t ti chnhNgun thng tin khng nn ch t cc bo co chnh thc m nn khuyn khch s dng thng tin thc, cha qua x l. V d, vi hp ng t vn, bng chm cng, bo co tin ca tng t vn **Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l thay i hp ng Thun: Vt mc yu cuNghchChm hn tin yu cu Vt qu chi ph d kin Sn phm khng t yu cu cht lng. Vn bn ho tt c nhng thay i din ra, ngay c khi cha c ph chun
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l tranh chp HCc nguyn nhn dn ti tranh chp Cam kt ti chnh khng c thc hinHiu sai cc din t trong hp ngKhng kim sot tt cc ri ro trong hp ngBn ch hp ng a ra qu nhiu yu cu ngoi hp ng m khng thay i chi ph
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
CHNG 5: QUN L TIN D N*Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vnGing vin: ThS Th Lan AnhB mn: Qun l d n Khoa Ti chnh K tonHc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l tin d n
L vic xy dng lch trnh thc hin d n v m bo cho lch trnh c thc hin ng theo k hoch lp**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l tin DAXc nh cng vic: Xc nh cc hot ng c th phi c thc hin trin khai d nXc nh trnh t hot ng: Xc nh v ch r mi lin h gia cc hot ng ca d nc lng ngun lc: D ton trang thit b, vt t cn thc hin tng hot ng d nc tnh thi gian hot ng: Thi gian hon thnh hot ng vi ngun lc d kinLp lch trnh lm vic: Xy dng lch hot ng ca d nKim sot lch lm vic: : Theo di, cp nht tin d n, iu chnh theo thc t
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l tin DAXc nh cng vic: Xc nh cc hot ng c th phi c thc hin trin khai d nXc nh trnh t hot ng: Xc nh v ch r mi lin h gia cc hot ng ca d nc lng ngun lc: D ton trang thit b, vt t cn thc hin tng hot ng d n**u vo: Bn k hoch qun l d n v cc gi nhK thut s dng: Cu trc phn r cng vic WBS, chia cc hot ng ln thnh cc gi cng vic nh d qun l hnKt qu: Bn Danh mc cc cng vicBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l tin DAXc nh cng vic: Xc nh cc hot ng c th phi c thc hin trin khai d nXc nh trnh t hot ng: Xc nh v ch r mi lin h gia cc hot ng ca d nc lng ngun lc: D ton trang thit b, vt t cn thc hin tng hot ng d n**Ln s th t v quan h cc hot ng trong d n. Kt qu: Th t hot ng cc cng vicBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l tin DAXc nh cng vic: Xc nh cc hot ng c th phi c thc hin trin khai d nXc nh trnh t hot ng: Xc nh v ch r mi lin h gia cc hot ng ca d nc lng ngun lc: D ton trang thit b, vt t cn thc hin tng hot ng d n**cn bao nhiu ngi thc hin hot ng? cn loi nguyn vt liu g v s lng bao nhiu? Cn loi trang thit b g? Chi ph tng ng? Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l tin DAc tnh thi gian hot ng: Thi gian hon thnh hot ng vi ngun lc d kinLp lch trnh lm vic: Xy dng lch hot ng ca d nKim sot lch lm vic: : Theo di, cp nht tin d n, iu chnh theo thc t
**Cu hi: Vi ngun lc hin ti cn bao nhiu thi gian cho mi hot ng?Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l tin DAc tnh thi gian hot ng: Thi gian hon thnh hot ng vi ngun lc d kinLp lch trnh lm vic: Xy dng lch hot ng ca d nKim sot lch lm vic: : Theo di, cp nht tin d n, iu chnh theo thc t
**V dBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Lch trnh d n cho cc cp**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l tin DAc tnh thi gian hot ng: Thi gian hon thnh hot ng vi ngun lc d kinLp lch trnh lm vic: Xy dng lch hot ng ca d nKim sot lch lm vic: : Theo di, cp nht tin d n, iu chnh theo thc t
**So snh gia tin thc t v Bn k hoch tin pht hin sai lch; iu tra b phn v nguyn nhn gy sai lch, iu chnh li bn k hoch thc thi d n nu cn thit.Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l tin d n: Lu Phi c tin hnh trc khi cng vic bt uC s tham gia ca nhng ngi thc hinBo m tnh linh hot ca k hoch, cho php iu chnh k hoch, c tnh n thi gian xem xt v ph duyt;n gin, chi tit n mc cn thit.Cn phi nh rng lch trnh thc hin ch l d nh tin hnh cng vic v n khng bao gi chnh xc tuyt i. Xem xt, cp nht nh kTrao i k hoch vi tt c cc bn lin quan. Mi k hoch s v gi tr nu khng c mi ngi bit n.**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bng cu trc phn chia cng vic WBSCng c gip tch cng vic d n thnh cc b phn nh hn d qun lBng m t ton b cng vic d n theo cu trc, phn cng cng vic c th theo tng cp qun l, nu r trch nhim v quyn hn ca tng nhm cng tc, c nh gi thi gian v chi ph hon thnh cng vic ra**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bng cu trc phn chia cng vic WBS**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Mc M tCc mc qun l123Ton b chng trnh (total program)D n (project)Nhim v chnh (task)Cc mc k thut456Nhim v ph (subtask)Mng cng vic (work package)Mc c gng (level of effort)
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bng cu trc phn chia cng vic WBS**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bng cu trc phn chia cng vic WBSMc chi tit v giai on kim sot Thi gian kim sot nh th no l hp l?**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
S GANTT**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
S GANTT**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Phng php ng ti hn**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Phng php ng ti hn**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
*CHNG 6: QUN L CHI PH D NBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vnGing vin: ThS Th Lan AnhB mn: Qun l d n Khoa Ti chnh K tonHc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Qun l chi ph d nQun l chi ph d n bao gm nhng qu trnh cn phi thc hin chc chn rng d n c hon thnh vi ngn sch tho ng. QLCP bao gm qun l chi ph v lao ng, nhin liu, nguyn liu, vt liu, c s vt cht, dch v, thu v.v**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Quy trnh qun l chi ph d nD ton chi ph da trn k hoch s dng ngun lc; -> chi ph cho mi hot ng l bao nhiuXy dng ngn sch cho cc khon chi ln k hoch; -> chi ph ly t ngun no, khi no chi?Gim st, iu phi vic s dng ngn sch**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
D ton chi phCn d ton nhng g?Chi ph bin i VC (Variable Costs): nguyn vt liu, lngChi ph c nh FC (Fixed Costs): Chi thu nh xng, chi ph thnh lpChi ph trc tip Direct Costs: chi cho cc khon mc ca d nChi ph gin tip Indirect Costs: chi qun l, thu, ph cp ngoi lng**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut d ton chi phc tnh t trn xung (Top down)c tnh t di ln (Bottom-up)c tnh tng t (Analogous Estimate)c tnh tham s (Parametric Estimate)c tnh bnh qun (Three-point Estimate)**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut d ton tng t/ t trn xungu imNhanhKhng cn xc nh hot ng chi titt tn chi phC th d on mi mc chi tit ca d nCho thy tng chi ph d kin
Nhc imt chnh xct thng tin chi tit, t hiu d nYu cu kinh nghim caoKh p dng vi nhng d n phc tpKhng thy c s khc nhau gia cc d n**S dng s liu ca cc d n tng t c t trcBi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut d ton t di lnu imChnh xcC s ng gp ca i d nC s phn tch d n chi titCung cp kh nng qun l, iu khin d n hiu qu
Nhc imTn thi gian v chi phi d n phi c o to k nng d tonYu cu phi hiu r v phn tch d n chi tit**Da vo WBS, c tnh chi ph v lch trnh cho tng gi cng vic, sau tng hp li tnh tng s cho d n.Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut d ton tham s**L d ton t trn xung, s dng cc m hnh ton hc v cc cng c tnh ton a ra cc d bo.Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
K thut d ton 3 im**c lng kh d nht (ML-Most Likely): Chi ph cn hon thnh cng vic trong iu kin bnh thng hay hp l.c lng lc quan nht (MO-Most Optimistic): Chi ph cn hon thnh cng vic trong iu kin tt nht hay l tng (khng c tr ngi no).c lng bi quan nht (MP-Most Pessimistic): Chi ph cn hon thnh cng vic mt cch ti nht (y tr ngi).c lng cui cng tnh theo cng thc: (MO + 4(ML) + MP)/6Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Xy dng ngn sch DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bn c tnh chi ph v KH chi ph H s tin trnh DA H s KH s dng cc ngun lc Cc H Cc quy nh ca DNBn quy nh vic s dng ng vn mt cch hiu qu Cc iu kin c gii ngn iu chnh h s s sch
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Xy dng ngn sch DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Xy dng ngn sch DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Xy dng ngn sch DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Gim st ngn sch DA**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Kinh doanh dch v Photocopy**Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Bi ging mn hc Qun l d n www.ptit.edu.vn
Sheet2
Ti u mt mc tiu
Sn phmX1X2
Sn lngTng li nhun
Li nhun n v1502000
Cc rng buc s dngNgun lc
A1110200
A29601566
A3121602880
V XerTech
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thng / my copyS my thu mua40
Chi ph thu mua$250.00
Chi ph dch v copy$35.00Gi mt trang copy$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.03
Chi ph c nhChnh lch / trang copy$0.02
Chi ph thu a im$150.00
Thu hng thng
S trang copies / Thng / My copy30,000
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
L
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
XerTech (1)
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thng / my copyS my thu mua40
Chi ph thu mua$250.00
Chi ph dch v copy$35.00Gi mt trang copy$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.03
Chi ph c nh$335.00Chnh lch / trang copy$0.02
Chi ph thu a im$150.00
Monthly
S trang copies / Thng / My copy10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
chenh lech
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
XerTech (1)
&A
Page &P
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
chenh lech
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Copies/Month/Copier
Revenue & Cost vs Copier Volume
Thue Copier Unicode
D N A - HNG MC CNG TRNHLA CHN 1PA 1PA 2PA 3PA 4PA 5PA 6PA 7PA 8
CHI PH C NH/THNG/COPIERS MY THU40S TRANG / THNG / MY30,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000
CHI PH THU MY$250.00VI MT TRANG COPYTHU NHP$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
CHI PH NGI PHC V$35.00GI CHO MT TRANG$0.05CHI PH HNG BN$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
CHI PH C NH KHC$50.00CHI PH BIN I$0.03CHNH LCH$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
TNG CHI C NH$335.00LI$0.02CHI PH C NH$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
THU NHP RNG$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
LA CHN 1LA CHN 2LA CHN 3Data/What-If Analysis/Data Table
CHI PH A IM NH TRCPH A IM + PH HOA HNG
S TRANG COPIES/THNG/MY30,00030,00030,000
CHI PH THU A IM$150.00$50.00$75.00
PH HOA HNG/ TRANG COPY$0.005$0.01
NGNG TR HOA HNG20,000
THU NHP HNG THNGKHNG C PH HOA HNGPHI TR PH HOA HNGHOA HNG KHI VT NGNG
THU NHP
CHI PH HNG BN
CHNH LCH
CHI PH C NH
THU NHP RNG
DATA TABLE -- LA CHN 2
S TRANG / THNG / MY10000150002000025000300003500040000
THU NHP$60,000
24,25025,66721,000CHI PH HNG BN$42,000
L$18,000
CHI PH HNH CHNH QUN TR$15,400
THU NHP RNG$2,600
DATA TABLE -- LA CHN 3
S TRANG / THNG / MY10000150002000025000300003500040000
THU NHP$60,000
CHI PH HNG BN$40,000
L$20,000
CHI PH HNH CHNH QUN TR$16,400
THU NHP RNG$3,600
XerTech (3)
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thngS my thu40
Chi ph thu my$250.00
Chi ph ngi phc v$35.00Gi cho mt trang$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i
Tng chi c nh$335.00
La chn 1La chn 2La chn 3
Chi ph a im nh trcPh a im+ Hoa hngPh a im + hoa hng khi > ngng
S trang Copies/thng/My18,56415,17916,238
Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.0239$0.0279$0.0263
Chi ph a im$150.00$0.00$50.00
Hoa hng$0.005$0.01
Ngng20,000
Thu nhp hng thngKhng c hoa hngC hoa hngHoa hng khi > ngng
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
L
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Chnh lch LC1 - LC2$0
Chnh lch LC1 - LC3$0
S liu thng
# trang copy/ my Copier (000)Chi ph sa cha/CopierChi ph sa cha / bn copy
$0
10000$0
12000$0
14000$0
16000$0
18000$0
20000$0
22000$0
24000$0
26000$0
28000$0
30000$0
32000$0
34000$0
36000$0
38000$0
40000$0
42000$0
44000$0
46000$0
48000$0
50000$0
52000$0
54000$0
56000$0
58000$0
60000$0
XerTech (3)
Chi ph sa cha/Copier
XerTech (3) formular
Chi ph sa cha / bn copy
Scenario Summary
Thue Copier ABC
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thngS my thu40
Chi ph thu my$250.00
Chi ph ngi phc v$35.00Gi cho mt trang$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i
Tng chi c nh$335.00Li$0.03
La chn 1La chn 2La chn 3
Chi ph a im nh trcPh a im+ Hoa hngPh a im + hoa hng khi > ngng
S trang Copies/thng/My18,56415,17916,238
Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.0239$0.0279$0.0263
Chi ph a im$150.00$0.00$50.00
Hoa hng$0.005$0.01
Ngng20,000
Thu nhp hng thngKhng c hoa hngC hoa hngHoa hng khi > ngng
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
L
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Chnh lch LC1 - LC2$0
Chnh lch LC1 - LC3$0
S liu thng
# trang copy/ my Copier (000)Chi ph sa cha/CopierChi ph sa cha / bn copy
$0
10000$0
12000$0
14000$0
16000$0
18000$0
20000$0
22000$0
24000$0
26000$0
28000$0
30000$0
32000$0
34000$0
36000$0
38000$0
40000$0
42000$0
44000$0
46000$0
48000$0
50000$0
52000$0
54000$0
56000$0
58000$0
60000$0
Ph Hng: im ho vn: Goal seek(B20, 0, B10)
Thue Copier ABC
Chi ph sa cha/Copier
Q 10
Chi ph sa cha / bn copy
Shortest Route
Problem 6-10
Scenario Summary
Current Values:Very Low Demand & High PriceLow Demand & High PriceExpected Demand & PriceHigh Demand & Expected PriceVery High Demand & Low Price
Created by Your NameCreated by Your Name (appears on printouts)Created by Your NameCreated by Your NameCreated by Your NameModified by OPEY A. on 20/03/01
Changing Cells:
Copies_Thang_May30,000
Gia_trang_copy$0.05
Result Cells:
Thu_nhap$60,000
Chi_phi_hang_ban$36,000
Chi_phi_HC$19,400
Thu_nhap_rong$4,600
Notes: Current Values column represents values of changing cells at
time Scenario Summary Report was created. Changing cells for each
scenario are highlighted in gray.
Test policy
XerTech Copy Inc.La chn 1
Chi ph trung bnh hng thngS my thu40S trang / thng / my30,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000
Chi ph thu my$250.00Vi mt trang copyThu nhp$0
Chi ph ngi phc v$35.00Gi cho mt trang$0.05Chi ph hng bn$0
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i$0.03Chnh lch$0
Tng chi c nh$335.00Li$0.02Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr$0
Thu nhp rng$0
La chn 1La chn 2La chn 3
Chi ph a im nh trcPh a im+ Hoa hngPh a im + hoa hng khi > ngng
S trang Copies/thng/My
Chi ph thu a im
Hoa hng
Ngng tr hoa hng
Thu nhp hng thngKhng c hoa hngC hoa hngHoa hng khi vt ngng
Thu nhp$0$0$0
Chi ph hng bn$0$0$0
L$0$0$0
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Data Table -- La chn 2
S trang / thng / my10000150002000025000300003500040000
Thu nhp$0
Chi ph hng bn$0
L$0
Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr$0
Thu nhp rng$0
Data Table -- La chn 3
S trang / thng / my10000150002000025000300003500040000
Thu nhp$0
Chi ph hng bn$0
L$0
Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr$0
Thu nhp rng$0
Test policy
&A
Page &P
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
Chnh lch
Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr
Thu nhp rng
Copies/Month/Copier
Thu nhp & Chi ph theo sn lng
Forecast Moving Average
10
Data
Nh my -> Ca hngHng ynHi phngPhc ynVnh ynVit trNng lc
H ni
H nam
Thi bnh
Nhu cu
Vn chuyn
Hng ynHi phngPhc ynVnh ynVit trTotal
H ni
H nam
Thi bnh
Total0.0
Tng chi ph:0.0
&A
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Q 17
ng i ngn nht
Lin thng T -> nXP1234567Khong cch T -> nXP1234567
XPXP
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
ng T-> nXP1234567Tng iTotal DistanceXP1234567Total
XP0XP000000000
101000000000
202000000000
303000000000
4040000000000
505000000000
606000000000
707000000000
Tng nTng000000000
Tng i - Tng n
Yu cu
FromTo
&A
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Forecast Seasonal factors
Problem 6-10
G DA ang tnh ton phn tch thu cc thit b v mt bng phc v d n.
Bng chi ph thu di y th hin chi ph thu mt thit b t u nm i n u nm j (nghn $)
T cc thng tin ny, hy xc nh phi thu mua bao nhiu ti thiu ho chi ph cho 4 nm tip theo?
C bao nhiu gii php ti u?
La chn DA u t
Thi gian n thi:14ngy
Mn hcH sS gi n / ngy5
Ton kinh t7Qy thi gian n tp:70
Qun l d n5
Chnh tr3
Anh vn4
19
Mn hcim hin tiim ti thiu
Ton kinh t35
Qun l d n45
Chnh tr25
Anh vn35
Mn hcGi hc n
Ton kinh t21.00
Qun l d n20.00
Chnh tr12.70
Anh vn16.30
Tng:70Kt qu chung0.00
SXTK 1
Moving Average
Nhc imCoi d liu c vai tr nh nhau i vi hin ti
u imPhn ng nhanh vi xu hng ngn hn.Trung bnh c trng sSo snh gia hai phng php
ThngDoanh s(000)ThngDoanh s(000)BngTrng sThngDoanh s(000)D boThngDoanh s(000)
11,21211,21220001166.666666666780011,21211,212SUMMARY OUTPUT
21,32121,321100021,32121,321
31,27831,27850031,27831,278Regression Statistics
41,34141,34141,34141,336541,341Multiple R0.3075634714
51,25751,25751,25751,3337651,257R Square0.0945952889
61,28761,28761,28761,2711661,287Adjusted R Square-0.0060052345
71,18971,18971,18971,2415271,189Standard Error82.8889423728
81,11181,11181,11181,1766581,111Observations11
91,14591,14591,14591,02012591,145
101,150101,150101,150101,10446101,150ANOVA
111,298111,298111,298111,174124111,298dfSSMSFSignificance F
121,331121,331121,331121,35120121,331Regression16460.44545454556460.44545454550.94030613050.3575353867
1243.33333333331,2431,24315291,243Residual961835.19090909096870.5767676768
Total1068295.6363636364
CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-value
Intercept1299.827272727360.705251329921.41210594230.000000005
1-7.66363636367.9031505615-0.96969383340.3575353867
RESIDUAL OUTPUT
xy
ObservationPredicted 1212Residuals21284.5
11284.536.531276.8
21276.81.241269.2
31269.271.851261.5
41261.5-4.561253.8
51253.833.271246.2
61246.2-57.281238.5
71238.5-127.591230.9
81230.9-85.9101223.2
91223.2-73.2111215.5
101215.582.5121207.9
111207.9123.1
SXTK 1
1212
Predicted 1212
1
1212
1 Line Fit Plot
SXTK 2
Data
ThngSTT
Thng 11
Thng 22
Thng 33
Thng 44
Thng 55
Thng 66
Thng 77
Thng 88
Thng 99
Thng 1010
Thng 1111
Thng 1212
dc
im chn
SXTK 3
Doanh s
Thng199419951996
1219236243
2216239238
3218221224
4185194194
5154161162
6147131153
7124110138
893101128
9127131151
10148157165
11161189194
12198217241
166174186
Shipping Routes
Hng mcABCDEFGHTng gi tr
Sinh li4010805020580100
Quyt nh10011010190
Rng buc
Chi ph801512065201060100225320
Not bouth G & H1111
No D unless A-1100
Nghin cu la chn nhm d n cn thc hin u t
C 8 d n vi s liu sau
Gii hn ngn sch320000
Khng u t cng vo hai d n G v H (chng thuc l v sn xut thuc l)
D n D ch c u t khi v ch khi u t vo d n A. Nhng c th u t d n A m khng c d n D
1. Xy dng bi ton quy hoch nguyn
2. Dng Excel gii bi ton ti uD nChi phGi tr
A8040
B1510
C12080
D6550
E2020
F105
G6080
H100100
Q 10 (2)
B(n,p)
TI MT HNG MC C 100 MY NN T GING HT NHAU V HNH THC V CHT LNG CNG ANG HOT NG.
XC SUT MY B HNG L NH NHAU, P = 0,053
TRUNG BNH TRONG MT CA C BAO NHIU MY HNG?
XC SUT TRONG CA SN XUT C T NHT MT MY TT?
GS TRONG 1 CA SN XUT, 1 K S CH C TH M BO SA CHA KP THI 3 MY HNG.
HI CN B TR BAO NHIU K S TRONG MT CA C TH M BO SA CHA TT C MY HNG MT CCH TT NHT.
A =MT MY BT K B HNG
P(A)=0.053
S MY CNG XN XUT100
X =S MY HNG TRONG CA SN XUT
Gi X l s my hng trong 100 my cng nghip ang sn xut, tm phn phi
XP(X)B = (C T NHT MT MY TT) => TM THNG QUA (TT C CC MY U HNG)
11XC NH S MY HNG K: P(X=K) MAX
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
2020
3030
4040
5050
6060
7070
8080
9090
100100
Q 12
THI GIAN BO HNH MT SN PHM C QUY NH L 3 NM
BN C 1 SN PHM150,000.00
SN PHM HNG TRONG THI GIAN BO HNH(500,000.00)
TUI TH SN PHM L BIN NGU NHIN, PHN PHI N(4,2 NM; 1,8 NM)
TRUNG BNH (M)4.2
LCH CHUN (S)1.8
S TIN LI CA HNG HY VNG THU C KHI BN MI SN PHM ?
NU MUN S TIN LI THU C KHI BN MI SN PHM L 50.000 TH PHI QUY NH THI GIAN BO HNH L BAO NHIU LU ?
Guarding
Phn phi chunN(0,1)
Nu mt phn phi c m 0 hoc s 1 th phi chun ho bng bin Z
Z = (X - m) / s
Phn phi c m = 8, s =3
TmP (X 10)
P(10< X =L5:L11
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
8
A
B
C
E
D
G
F
Staffing 1.2
24
x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8TngYu cu
110010104
Ph A1121
Ph B1011
Ph C0111
Ph D1011
Ph E0111
Ph F1011
Ph G1011
Ph H0111
Ph I1011
Ph J1011
Ph K0111
Ph A
Ph E
Ph B
Ph C
Ph D
Ph G
Ph I
Ph H
Ph K
Ph J
1
2
3
5
4
8
7
6
Ph F
Staffing 2
m hnh lung ln nht
Kh nng T -> nTrm 1Trm 2Trm 3Trm 4Trm 5Trm 6
Trm 10
Trm 2002
Trm 30
Trm 40
Trm 50
LungT -> nTrm 1Trm 2Trm 3Trm 4Trm 5Trm 6Tng xut
Trm 1
Trm 2
Trm 3
Trm 4
Trm 5
tng ti/nhp00000
&A
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1
2
3
4
5
6
Recruitment
Lp ngn sch Marketing
QuQu IQu IIQu IIIQu IVTng cng
H s ma v0.91.10.81.2
Thu nhp
Slng bn4,6867,0003,7028,330
Doanh s bn[$VND] 0
Chi ph bn0
Li gp0
Chi ph
Lao ng80008,0009,0009,00034,000
Qung co19,12730,05414,48336,336100,0000%
Chi ph khc
Tng chi ph
Li nhun[$VND] 0[$VND] 0[$VND] 0[$VND] 0[$VND] 0
T sut
Gi bn[$VND] 40
Gi thnh[$VND] 25
The following examples show you how to work with the model above to solve for one value or several
values to maximize or minimize another value, enter and change constraints, and save a problem model.
RowContainsExplanation
3Fixed valuesSeasonality factor: sales are higher in quarters 2 and 4,
and lower in quarters 1 and 3.
5=35*B3*(B12+3000)^0.5Forecast for units sold each quarter: row 3 contains
the seasonality factor; row 11 contains the cost of
advertising.
6=B5*$B$18Sales revenue: forecast for units sold (row 5) times
price (cell B18).
7=B5*$B$19Cost of sales: forecast for units sold (row 5) times
product cost (cell B19).
8=B6-B7Gross margin: sales revenues (row 6) minus cost of
sales (row 7).
10Fixed valuesSales personnel expenses.
11Fixed valuesAdvertising budget (about 6.3% of sales).
12=0.15*B6Corporate overhead expenses: sales revenues (row 6)
times 15%.
13=SUM(B10:B12)Total costs: sales personnel expenses (row 10) plus
advertising (row 11) plus overhead (row 12).
15=B8-B13Product profit: gross margin (row 8) minus total costs
(row 13).
16=B15/B6Profit margin: profit (row 15) divided by sales revenue
(row 6).
18Fixed valuesProduct price.
19Fixed valuesProduct cost.
This is a typical marketing model that shows sales rising from a base figure (perhaps due to the sales
personnel) along with increases in advertising, but with diminishing returns. For example, the first
$5,000 of advertising in Q1 yields about 1,092 incremental units sold, but the next $5,000 yields only
about 775 units more.
You can use Solver to find out whether the advertising budget is too low, and whether advertising
should be allocated differently over time to take advantage of the changing seasonality factor.
Solving for a Value to Maximize Another Value
One way you can use Solver is to determine the maximum value of a cell by changing another cell. The
two cells must be related through the formulas on the worksheet. If they are not, changing the value in
one cell will not change the value in the other cell.
For example, in the sample worksheet, you want to know how much you need to spend on advertising
to generate the maximum profit for the first quarter. You are interested in maximizing profit by changing
advertising expenditures.
n
You will see messages in the status bar as the problem is set up and Solver starts working. After a
moment, you'll see a message that Solver has found a solution. Solver finds that Q1 advertising of
$17,093 yields the maximum profit $15,093.
n
discard the results and return cell B11 to its former value.
Resetting the Solver Options
Solving for a Value by Changing Several Values
You can also use Solver to solve for several values at once to maximize or minimize another value. For
example, you can solve for the advertising budget for each quarter that will result in the best profits for
the entire year. Because the seasonality factor in row 3 enters into the calculation of unit sales in row 5
as a multiplier, it seems logical that you should spend more of your advertising budget in Q4 when the
sales response is highest, and less in Q3 when the sales response is lowest. Use Solver to determine
the best quarterly allocation.
n
n
discard the results and return all cells to their former values.
You've just asked Solver to solve a moderately complex nonlinear optimization problem; that is, to find
values for the four unknowns in cells B11 through E11 that will maximize profits. (This is a nonlinear
problem because of the exponentiation that occurs in the formulas in row 5). The results of this
unconstrained optimization show that you can increase profits for the year to $79,706 if you spend
$89,706 in advertising for the full year.
However, most realistic modeling problems have limiting factors that you will want to apply to certain
values. These constraints may be applied to the target cell, the changing cells, or any other value that
is related to the formulas in these cells.
Adding a Constraint
So far, the budget recovers the advertising cost and generates additional profit, but you're reaching a
point of diminishing returns. Because you can never be sure that your model of sales response to
advertising will be valid next year (especially at greatly increased spending levels), it doesn't seem
prudent to allow unrestricted spending on advertising.
Suppose you want to maintain your original advertising budget of $40,000. Add the constraint to the
problem that limits the sum of advertising during the four quarters to $40,000.
n
(advertising total) on the worksheet. Cell F11 must be less than or equal to $40,000.
n
to discard the results and return the cells to their former values.
The solution found by Solver allocates amounts ranging from $5,117 in Q3 to $15,263 in Q4. Total
Profit has increased from $69,662 in the original budget to $71,447, without any increase in the
advertising budget.
Changing a Constraint
When you use Microsoft Excel Solver, you can experiment with slightly different parameters to decide
the best solution to a problem. For example, you can change a constraint to see whether the results
are better or worse than before. In the sample worksheet, try changing the constraint on advertising
dollars to $50,000 to see what that does to total profits.
n
displayed on the worksheet.
Solver finds an optimal solution that yields a total profit of $74,817. That's an improvement of $3,370
over the last figure of $71,447. In most firms, it's not too difficult to justify an incremental investment of
$10,000 that yields an additional $3,370 in profit, or a 33.7% return on investment. This solution also
results in profits of $4,889 less than the unconstrained result, but you spend $39,706 less to get there.
Saving a Problem Model
dialog box are attached to the worksheet and retained when you save the workbook. However, you
on the active cell, as the area for saving the model. The suggested range includes a cell for each
constraint plus three additional cells. Make sure that this cell range is an empty range on the
worksheet.
n
this reference as the upper-left corner of the range into which it will copy the problem specifications.
017250
25002336611
50002817481
75003228410
100003592364
125003922330
150004226304
175004510284
200004777267
225005030253
&F
Page &P
Recruitment
Recruitment (2)
Bng phn cng lao ng cho mt hng mc DA
KpNgy nghNhn vinCNT.HaiT.BaT.TT.NmT.SuT.By
ACN, T210011111
BT2, T371001111
CT3, T471100111
DT4, T531110011
ET5, T661111001
FT6, T701111100
GT7, CN00111110
Tng s NV24chia thnh 5 nhm
S lao ng trong ngy23161014151824
CNT.HaiT.BaT.TT.NmT.SuT.By
Tng nhu cu trong ngy2215101410102422151014101024
Tng s ngy cng d tha151100580
Tng s ngy cng thiu ht0
0
0
100
Cutting
Security Force SchedultingRequiremts
Shift#1#2#3#4#5#6Total #
# on Shift078012532
ConstraintsResource AvailableTotalExcess
Mid. - 4am115>50
4am - 8 am117>7-0
8am - Noon1115>15-0
Noon - 4pm118>71
4pm - 8pm1112>120
8pm - Mid.1117>98
&A
Page &P
Queing
25
Nhn vinCng vic
12345
A382103
B87297
C64275
D84235
E9106910
Nhn vinCng vic
12345
A0.00.00.00.011
B0.00.010.001
C0.010.00.001
D0.000.010.01
E10.00.00.001
1111121
Nhn vinCng vic
12345
A0.00.00.00.03
B0.00.020.00
C0.040.00.00
D0.000.030.0
E90.00.00.00
Tng chi ph21
Q 20
13
Cng trngCh tiu tuyn lao ngKhong cch n cng trng
Vng thiu sKhu vc 1
ABCDE
H ng1,50020121045
Nam h2,0001518865Khoang_cach_den_truong
Dn s3,5005004503001,0001,000
Nng lcDaansoos
Cng trngTng s lao ng c tuynGii php
Vng thiu sKhu vc 1
ABCDE
H ng1,500225200125475475
Nam h1,750275250175525525Giaiphap_Tuyensinh
S tuyn3,2505004503001,0001,000
0.0Soos_Tuyeenr
Di hocTng khong cch:28,225
Tong_Duongdi
T l lao ng a phngYu cu
MinMaxTarget Cell
38%30%40%Changing cells
Contraints
TyleHSDTMinMax
Lu : gii c, phi tm cho vo mt gii php khc khng
bt k trnh li #/DIV! 0 (khng th chia mt s cho 0).
trong TyleHSDT (t l hc sinh dn tc)
Q 7
13
Cng trngCh tiu tuyn lao ng ti thiuKhong cch n cng trng
a phngNi khc
ABCDE
H ng1,50020121045
Nam h2,0001518865
Dn s5004503001,0001,000
Nng lc
Cng trngTng s lao ng c tuynGii php
a phngNi khc
ABCDE
H ng1,50017138909390
Nam h1,75032961300611,000
S tuyn3,2505004503001,0001,000
0.0
Tng khong cch:25,641
T l lao ng a phng hin tiYu cu
MinMaxTarget Cell
38%30%40%Changing cells
Contraints
MinMax
Lu : gii c, phi tm cho vo mt gii php khc khng
bt k trnh li #/DIV! 0 (khng th chia mt s cho 0).
trong TyleHSDT (t l hc sinh dn tc)
Q8
Phn xng Thp ca Cng ty xy lp Bu in mua thp xy dng t Trung tm gang thp Thi nguyn phc v nhu cu xy lp cng trnh.Thp c cung cp di dng tng thanh, chiu di l 20m.
Theo yu cu ca b phn Xy dng, Phn xng Thp phi cung cp 150 on thp di 5m, 200 on thp di 7 m, 300 on thp di 9 m. thc hin yu cu ny, Phn xng phi ct mi thanh thp 20 m ra lm nhiu on con c chiu di hoc 5 m, hoc 7 m ho
Phng n ctChiu di phn on (m)Tha
579
# 10114
# 22103
# 32011
# 44000
# 51201
# 60022
di cun dy (m)20
Sheet1
8
345
Tng s tu n:1,8641,8641,864
n gi bc d ($ / tu):600600600
Mt do khng gii phng c tu trong ngy ($ / tu):200200200
Tng thit hi ($):0.00.00.0
Tit kim nu tng cng sut d hng ($):
u t cn thit tng cng sut d hng ($):
Li nhun thu c ca u t ($):
Thi gian m phng:2(nm)
Ngy thS tu nNng lc 3 tu / ngyNng lc 4 tu / ngyNng lc 5 tu / ngyBng tn sut
S tu cn bc dS tu cn bc dS tu c d hngS tu cha c d hngS tu cn bc dS tu c d hngS tu cha c d hngS tu n / ngyTn sut
033010%
122115%
211225%
333325%
444415%
544510%
655
700
822
944
1011
1111
1200
1300
1411
1511
1600
1722
1822
1933
2022
2122
2222
2355
2422
2522
2622
2755
2844
2955
3022
3155
3200
3333
3444
3555
3622
3722
3844
3922
4044
4100
4211
4300
4422
4522
4633
4722
4855
4900
5011
5100
5255
5311
5422
5544
5633
5744
5833
5900
6011
6144
6233
6311
6422
6533
6633
6733
6811
6955
7033
7133
7244
7344
7422
7511
7644
7711
7800
7944
8033
8155
8255
8355
8433
8533
8633
8722
8811
8900
9044
9133
9233
9333
9411
9544
9622
9711
9811
9922
10022
10122
10244
10333
10422
10555
10600
10733
10822
10933
11022
11122
11244
11344
11433
11544
11655
11733
11833
11955
12022
12144
12233
12344
12422
12511
12644
12722
12833
12933
13022
13122
13200
13355
13422
13533
13622
13755
13844
13944
14055
14133
14233
14322
14411
14544
14622
14700
14844
14944
15033
15133
15222
15344
15433
15544
15600
15733
15855
15900
16033
16155
16255
16333
16433
16555
16622
16722
16844
16922
17044
17133
17255
17322
17411
17500
17600
17733
17833
17922
18033
18133
18255
18333
18411
18500
18633
18744
18800
18922
19033
19122
19222
19322
19422
19511
19633
19733
19844
19933
20033
20133
20233
20322
20411
20533
20633
20744
20811
20933
21033
21133
21244
21355
21400
21511
21633
21744
21811
21900
22011
22133
22233
22311
22411
22533
22633
22722
22833
22911
23011
23144
23255
23322
23422
23533
23655
23733
23855
23933
24055
24122
24211
24344
24444
24500
24644
24722
24811
24900
25011
25133
25244
25322
25422
25533
25622
25744
25822
25955
26044
26133
26211
26344
26455
26511
26622
26700
26855
26944
27033
27100
27233
27333
27444
27511
27644
27722
27811
27900
28055
28111
28255
28311
28422
28500
28655
28733
28833
28944
29055
29122
29211
29322
29444
29544
29633
29700
29800
29922
30022
30122
30244
30311
30422
30522
30655
30700
30811
30922
31011
31100
31200
31333
31422
31533
31600
31744
31800
31922
32011
32122
32233
32355
32422
32511
32611
32733
32855
32900
33044
33155
33222
33333
33411
33544
33633
33733
33811
33922
34044
34122
34244
34311
34444
34544
34611
34733
34800
34933
35044
35144
35233
35311
35433
35533
35644
35711
35833
35955
36033
36122
36233
36355
36400
36533
36622
36744
36844
36955
37000
37144
37233
37344
37433
37522
37655
37733
37822
37922
38022
38100
38233
38333
38433
38522
38644
38755
38855
38900
39033
39122
39211
39344
39455
39555
39633
39722
39822
39911
40033
40122
40233
40311
40433
40544
40611
40733
40833
40944
41022
41133
41222
41333
41455
41522
41611
41711
41844
41955
42022
42111
42244
42333
42433
42555
42622
42711
42844
42922
43000
43144
43200
43322
43400
43511
43633
43733
43800
43955
44033
44155
44222
44322
44433
44500
44611
44755
44833
44922
45022
45111
45244
45355
45444
45522
45611
45722
45822
45922
46044
46122
46233
46344
46433
46500
46633
46733
46822
46900
47000
47111
47233
47322
47455
47522
47644
47744
47822
47900
48011
48133
48233
48344
48400
48511
48633
48733
48822
48922
49055
49144
49200
49322
49422
49511
49622
49733
49811
49944
50022
50144
50211
50333
50411
50555
50644
50711
50855
50922
51000
51122
51233
51311
51433
51522
51633
51700
51811
51955
52033
52144
52211
52311
52422
52522
52644
52744
52822
52933
53044
53111
53211
53322
53433
53500
53644
53755
53833
53900
54033
54155
54233
54344
54444
54533
54611
54722
54855
54933
55044
55111
55200
55322
55444
55544
55622
55722
55833
55911
56033
56100
56255
56355
56422
56544
56644
56744
56811
56944
57022
57144
57200
57311
57455
57522
57622
57733
57822
57900
58033
58144
58244
58322
58433
58555
58633
58733
58822
58933
59022
59155
59255
59300
59433
59555
59644
59733
59844
59944
60022
60111
60211
60311
60400
60511
60633
60744
60844
60922
61011
61100
61222
61322
61444
61522
61644
61733
61844
61944
62033
62133
62222
62333
62422
62544
62622
62711
62811
62955
63033
63133
63244
63311
63433
63522
63633
63755
63822
63955
64033
64155
64255
64344
64455
64522
64633
64755
64822
64933
65011
65122
65255
65333
65433
65511
65600
65722
65800
65944
66022
66144
66244
66344
66433
66544
66633
66722
66822
66922
67022
67155
67222
67355
67411
67555
67611
67733
67833
67911
68055
68133
68211
68300
68400
68522
68600
68711
68800
68911
69022
69144
69244
69322
69422
69511
69655
69744
69822
69955
70011
70144
70255
70333
70411
70522
70644
70700
70811
70933
71022
71111
71233
71344
71400
71522
71611
71733
71822
71922
72033
My tnhLoaMy In
S lng s sn xut25015050
B phnKhoS dng
Khung450300101
n hnh250250100
Loa800800220
Ngun450400110
Trng in5050001
H thng in600450111
Li nhun n v751050
Tng$18,750$1,500$2,500
Cng$22,750
22750.0000000113
20
&f
Page &p
Bn knh pht ti a30
Trm pht2433
Lai chu344
Sn la727
Lo cai1345
H giang2245
Yn bi1839
Tuyn quang2736
Bc Kn3239
Qung ninh4527
Ho bnh2225
Thanh ho3012
Ngh an227
Thi bnh3720
Khong cch bnh qun
S chuyn bay / ng bay
KiuS ghS lngABCD
12053221
23084332So_chuyen_bay
350105542
S khch1,0002,0009001,200Tong_Cau
MBy_hien_co
Chi ph / chuyn bayABCD
$1,000$1,100$1,200$1,500
$800$900$1,000$1,000
$600$600$800$900
Gii php phn my bay / ng bay
Tng sABCD
0.00.00.00.00.0
8330.02Giaiphap_Maybay
100.0532
Tong_phan_congTng chi ph vn hnh
ABCD
S ch
ABCD
Tng cung:Tong_cung
Thiu ht:
Pht / Khg khng c phc v
Tng
Ketqua
Minimize
Contraints
MBD0016233C.bin
Sheet2
Ti u mt mc tiu
Sn phmX1X2
Sn lngTng li nhun
Li nhun n v1502000
Cc rng buc s dngNgun lc
A1110200
A29601566
A3121602880
V XerTech
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thng / my copyS my thu mua40
Chi ph thu mua$250.00
Chi ph dch v copy$35.00Gi mt trang copy$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.03
Chi ph c nhChnh lch / trang copy$0.02
Chi ph thu a im$150.00
Thu hng thng
S trang copies / Thng / My copy30,000
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
L
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
XerTech (1)
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thng / my copyS my thu mua40
Chi ph thu mua$250.00
Chi ph dch v copy$35.00Gi mt trang copy$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.03
Chi ph c nh$335.00Chnh lch / trang copy$0.02
Chi ph thu a im$150.00
Monthly
S trang copies / Thng / My copy10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
chenh lech
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
XerTech (1)
&A
Page &P
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
chenh lech
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Copies/Month/Copier
Revenue & Cost vs Copier Volume
Thue Copier Unicode
D N A - HNG MC CNG TRNHLA CHN 1PA 1PA 2PA 3PA 4PA 5PA 6PA 7PA 8
CHI PH C NH/THNG/COPIERS MY THU40S TRANG / THNG / MY30,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000
CHI PH THU MY$250.00VI MT TRANG COPYTHU NHP$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
CHI PH NGI PHC V$35.00GI CHO MT TRANG$0.05CHI PH HNG BN$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
CHI PH C NH KHC$50.00CHI PH BIN I$0.03CHNH LCH$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
TNG CHI C NH$335.00LI$0.02CHI PH C NH$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
THU NHP RNG$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
LA CHN 1LA CHN 2LA CHN 3Data/What-If Analysis/Data Table
CHI PH A IM NH TRCPH A IM + PH HOA HNG
S TRANG COPIES/THNG/MY30,00030,00030,000
CHI PH THU A IM$150.00$50.00$75.00
PH HOA HNG/ TRANG COPY$0.005$0.01
NGNG TR HOA HNG20,000
THU NHP HNG THNGKHNG C PH HOA HNGPHI TR PH HOA HNGHOA HNG KHI VT NGNG
THU NHP
CHI PH HNG BN
CHNH LCH
CHI PH C NH
THU NHP RNG
DATA TABLE -- LA CHN 2
S TRANG / THNG / MY10000150002000025000300003500040000
THU NHP$60,000
24,25025,66721,000CHI PH HNG BN$42,000
L$18,000
CHI PH HNH CHNH QUN TR$15,400
THU NHP RNG$2,600
DATA TABLE -- LA CHN 3
S TRANG / THNG / MY10000150002000025000300003500040000
THU NHP$60,000
CHI PH HNG BN$40,000
L$20,000
CHI PH HNH CHNH QUN TR$16,400
THU NHP RNG$3,600
XerTech (3)
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thngS my thu40
Chi ph thu my$250.00
Chi ph ngi phc v$35.00Gi cho mt trang$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i
Tng chi c nh$335.00
La chn 1La chn 2La chn 3
Chi ph a im nh trcPh a im+ Hoa hngPh a im + hoa hng khi > ngng
S trang Copies/thng/My18,56415,17916,238
Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.0239$0.0279$0.0263
Chi ph a im$150.00$0.00$50.00
Hoa hng$0.005$0.01
Ngng20,000
Thu nhp hng thngKhng c hoa hngC hoa hngHoa hng khi > ngng
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
L
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Chnh lch LC1 - LC2$0
Chnh lch LC1 - LC3$0
S liu thng
# trang copy/ my Copier (000)Chi ph sa cha/CopierChi ph sa cha / bn copy
$0
10000$0
12000$0
14000$0
16000$0
18000$0
20000$0
22000$0
24000$0
26000$0
28000$0
30000$0
32000$0
34000$0
36000$0
38000$0
40000$0
42000$0
44000$0
46000$0
48000$0
50000$0
52000$0
54000$0
56000$0
58000$0
60000$0
XerTech (3)
Chi ph sa cha/Copier
XerTech (3) formular
Chi ph sa cha / bn copy
Scenario Summary
Thue Copier ABC
XerTech Copy Inc.
Chi ph trung bnh hng thngS my thu40
Chi ph thu my$250.00
Chi ph ngi phc v$35.00Gi cho mt trang$0.05
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i
Tng chi c nh$335.00Li$0.03
La chn 1La chn 2La chn 3
Chi ph a im nh trcPh a im+ Hoa hngPh a im + hoa hng khi > ngng
S trang Copies/thng/My18,56415,17916,238
Chi ph bin i / trang copy$0.0239$0.0279$0.0263
Chi ph a im$150.00$0.00$50.00
Hoa hng$0.005$0.01
Ngng20,000
Thu nhp hng thngKhng c hoa hngC hoa hngHoa hng khi > ngng
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
L
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Chnh lch LC1 - LC2$0
Chnh lch LC1 - LC3$0
S liu thng
# trang copy/ my Copier (000)Chi ph sa cha/CopierChi ph sa cha / bn copy
$0
10000$0
12000$0
14000$0
16000$0
18000$0
20000$0
22000$0
24000$0
26000$0
28000$0
30000$0
32000$0
34000$0
36000$0
38000$0
40000$0
42000$0
44000$0
46000$0
48000$0
50000$0
52000$0
54000$0
56000$0
58000$0
60000$0
Ph Hng: im ho vn: Goal seek(B20, 0, B10)
Thue Copier ABC
Chi ph sa cha/Copier
Q 10
Chi ph sa cha / bn copy
Shortest Route
Problem 6-10
Scenario Summary
Current Values:Very Low Demand & High PriceLow Demand & High PriceExpected Demand & PriceHigh Demand & Expected PriceVery High Demand & Low Price
Created by Your NameCreated by Your Name (appears on printouts)Created by Your NameCreated by Your NameCreated by Your NameModified by OPEY A. on 20/03/01
Changing Cells:
Copies_Thang_May30,000
Gia_trang_copy$0.05
Result Cells:
Thu_nhap$60,000
Chi_phi_hang_ban$36,000
Chi_phi_HC$19,400
Thu_nhap_rong$4,600
Notes: Current Values column represents values of changing cells at
time Scenario Summary Report was created. Changing cells for each
scenario are highlighted in gray.
Test policy
XerTech Copy Inc.La chn 1
Chi ph trung bnh hng thngS my thu40S trang / thng / my30,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000
Chi ph thu my$250.00Vi mt trang copyThu nhp$0
Chi ph ngi phc v$35.00Gi cho mt trang$0.05Chi ph hng bn$0
Chi ph c nh khc$50.00Chi ph bin i$0.03Chnh lch$0
Tng chi c nh$335.00Li$0.02Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr$0
Thu nhp rng$0
La chn 1La chn 2La chn 3
Chi ph a im nh trcPh a im+ Hoa hngPh a im + hoa hng khi > ngng
S trang Copies/thng/My
Chi ph thu a im
Hoa hng
Ngng tr hoa hng
Thu nhp hng thngKhng c hoa hngC hoa hngHoa hng khi vt ngng
Thu nhp$0$0$0
Chi ph hng bn$0$0$0
L$0$0$0
Chi ph hnh chnh
Thu nhp rng
Data Table -- La chn 2
S trang / thng / my10000150002000025000300003500040000
Thu nhp$0
Chi ph hng bn$0
L$0
Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr$0
Thu nhp rng$0
Data Table -- La chn 3
S trang / thng / my10000150002000025000300003500040000
Thu nhp$0
Chi ph hng bn$0
L$0
Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr$0
Thu nhp rng$0
Test policy
&A
Page &P
Thu nhp
Chi ph hng bn
Chnh lch
Chi ph hnh chnh qun tr
Thu nhp rng
Copies/Month/Copier
Thu nhp & Chi ph theo sn lng
Forecast Moving Average
10
Data
Nh my -> Ca hngHng ynHi phngPhc ynVnh ynVit trNng lc
H ni
H nam
Thi bnh
Nhu cu
Vn chuyn
Hng ynHi phngPhc ynVnh ynVit trTotal
H ni
H nam
Thi bnh
Total0.0
Tng chi ph:0.0
&A
Page &P
Q 17
ng i ngn nht
Lin thng T -> nXP1234567Khong cch T -> nXP1234567
XPXP
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
ng T-> nXP1234567Tng iTotal DistanceXP1234567Total
XP0XP000000000
101000000000
202000000000
303000000000
4040000000000
505000000000
606000000000
707000000000
Tng nTng000000000
Tng i - Tng n
Yu cu
FromTo
&A
Page &P
Forecast Seasonal factors
Problem 6-10
G DA ang tnh ton phn tch thu cc thit b v mt bng phc v d n.
Bng chi ph thu di y th hin chi ph thu mt thit b t u nm i n u nm j (nghn $)
T cc thng tin ny, hy xc nh phi thu mua bao nhiu ti thiu ho chi ph cho 4 nm tip theo?
C bao nhiu gii php ti u?
La chn DA u t
Thi gian n thi:14ngy
Mn hcH sS gi n / ngy5
Ton kinh t7Qy thi gian n tp:70
Qun l d n5
Chnh tr3
Anh vn4
19
Mn hcim hin tiim ti thiu
Ton kinh t35
Qun l d n45
Chnh tr25
Anh vn35
Mn hcGi hc n
Ton kinh t21.00
Qun l d n20.00
Chnh tr12.70
Anh vn16.30
Tng:70Kt qu chung0.00
SXTK 1
Moving Average
Nhc imCoi d liu c vai tr nh nhau i vi hin ti
u imPhn ng nhanh vi xu hng ngn hn.Trung bnh c trng sSo snh gia hai phng php
ThngDoanh s(000)ThngDoanh s(000)BngTrng sThngDoanh s(000)D boThngDoanh s(000)
11,21211,21220001166.666666666780011,21211,212SUMMARY OUTPUT
21,32121,321100021,32121,321
31,27831,27850031,27831,278Regression Statistics
41,34141,34141,34141,336541,341Multiple R0.3075634714
51,25751,25751,25751,3337651,257R Square0.0945952889
61,28761,28761,28761,2711661,287Adjusted R Square-0.0060052345
71,18971,18971,18971,2415271,189Standard Error82.8889423728
81,11181,11181,11181,1766581,111Observations11
91,14591,14591,14591,02012591,145
101,150101,150101,150101,10446101,150ANOVA
111,298111,298111,298111,174124111,298dfSSMSFSignificance F
121,331121,331121,331121,35120121,331Regression16460.44545454556460.44545454550.94030613050.3575353867
1243.33333333331,2431,24315291,243Residual961835.19090909096870.5767676768
Total1068295.6363636364
CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-value
Intercept1299.827272727360.705251329921.41210594230.000000005
1-7.66363636367.9031505615-0.96969383340.3575353867
RESIDUAL OUTPUT
xy
ObservationPredicted 1212Residuals21284.5
11284.536.531276.8
21276.81.241269.2
31269.271.851261.5
41261.5-4.561253.8
51253.833.271246.2
61246.2-57.281238.5
71238.5-127.591230.9
81230.9-85.9101223.2
91223.2-73.2111215.5
101215.582.5121207.9
111207.9123.1
SXTK 1
1212
Predicted 1212
1
1212
1 Line Fit Plot
SXTK 2
Data
ThngSTT
Thng 11
Thng 22
Thng 33
Thng 44
Thng 55
Thng 66
Thng 77
Thng 88
Thng 99
Thng 1010
Thng 1111
Thng 1212
dc
im chn
SXTK 3
Doanh s
Thng199419951996
1219236243
2216239238
3218221224
4185194194
5154161162
6147131153
7124110138
893101128
9127131151
10148157165
11161189194
12198217241
166174186
Shipping Routes
Hng mcABCDEFGHTng gi tr
Sinh li4010805020580100
Quyt nh10011010190
Rng buc
Chi ph801512065201060100225320
Not bouth G & H1111
No D unless A-1100
Nghin cu la chn nhm d n cn thc hin u t
C 8 d n vi s liu sau
Gii hn ngn sch320000
Khng u t cng vo hai d n G v H (chng thuc l v sn xut thuc l)
D n D ch c u t khi v ch khi u t vo d n A. Nhng c th u t d n A m khng c d n D
1. Xy dng bi ton quy hoch nguyn
2. Dng Excel gii bi ton ti uD nChi phGi tr
A8040
B1510
C12080
D6550
E2020
F105
G6080
H100100
Q 10 (2)
B(n,p)
TI MT HNG MC C 100 MY NN T GING HT NHAU V HNH THC V CHT LNG CNG ANG HOT NG.
XC SUT MY B HNG L NH NHAU, P = 0,053
TRUNG BNH TRONG MT CA C BAO NHIU MY HNG?
XC SUT TRONG CA SN XUT C T NHT MT MY TT?
GS TRONG 1 CA SN XUT, 1 K S CH C TH M BO SA CHA KP THI 3 MY HNG.
HI CN B TR BAO NHIU K S TRONG MT CA C TH M BO SA CHA TT C MY HNG MT CCH TT NHT.
A =MT MY BT K B HNG
P(A)=0.053
S MY CNG XN XUT100
X =S MY HNG TRONG CA SN XUT
Gi X l s my hng trong 100 my cng nghip ang sn xut, tm phn phi
XP(X)B = (C T NHT MT MY TT) => TM THNG QUA (TT C CC MY U HNG)
11XC NH S MY HNG K: P(X=K) MAX
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
1010
2020
3030
4040
5050
6060
7070
8080
9090
100100
Q 12
THI GIAN BO HNH MT SN PHM C QUY NH L 3 NM
BN C 1 SN PHM150,000.00
SN PHM HNG TRONG THI GIAN BO HNH(500,000.00)
TUI TH SN PHM L BIN NGU NHIN, PHN PHI N(4,2 NM; 1,8 NM)
TRUNG BNH (M)4.2
LCH CHUN (S)1.8
S TIN LI CA HNG HY VNG THU C KHI BN MI SN PHM ?
NU MUN S TIN LI THU C KHI BN MI SN PHM L 50.000 TH PHI QUY NH THI GIAN BO HNH L BAO NHIU LU ?
Guarding
Phn phi chunN(0,1)
Nu mt phn phi c m 0 hoc s 1 th phi chun ho bng bin Z
Z = (X - m) / s
Phn phi c m = 8, s =3
TmP (X 10)
P(10< X =L5:L11
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
8
A
B
C
E
D
G
F
Staffing 1.2
24
x1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8TngYu cu
110010104
Ph A1121
Ph B1011
Ph C0111
Ph D1011
Ph E0111
Ph F1011
Ph G1011
Ph H0111
Ph I1011
Ph J1011
Ph K0111
Ph A
Ph E
Ph B
Ph C
Ph D
Ph G
Ph I
Ph H
Ph K
Ph J
1
2
3
5
4
8
7
6
Ph F
Staffing 2
m hnh lung ln nht
Kh nng T -> nTrm 1Trm 2Trm 3Trm 4Trm 5Trm 6
Trm 10
Trm 2002
Trm 30
Trm 40
Trm 50
LungT -> nTrm 1Trm 2Trm 3Trm 4Trm 5Trm 6Tng xut
Trm 1
Trm 2
Trm 3
Trm 4
Trm 5
tng ti/nhp00000
&A
Page &P
1
2
3
4
5
6
Recruitment
Lp ngn sch Marketing
QuQu IQu IIQu IIIQu IVTng cng
H s ma v0.91.10.81.2
Thu nhp
Slng bn4,6867,0003,7028,330
Doanh s bn[$VND] 0
Chi ph bn0
Li gp0
Chi ph
Lao ng80008,0009,0009,00034,000
Qung co19,12730,05414,48336,336100,0000%
Chi ph khc
Tng chi ph
Li nhun[$VND] 0[$VND] 0[$VND] 0[$VND] 0[$VND] 0
T sut
Gi bn[$VND] 40
Gi thnh[$VND] 25
The following examples show you how to work with the model above to solve for one value or several
values to maximize or minimize another value, enter and change constraints, and save a problem model.
RowContainsExplanation
3Fixed valuesSeasonality factor: sales are higher in quarters 2 and 4,
and lower in quarters 1 and 3.
5=35*B3*(B12+3000)^0.5Forecast for units sold each quarter: row 3 contains
the seasonality factor; row 11 contains the cost of
advertising.
6=B5*$B$18Sales revenue: forecast for units sold (row 5) times
price (cell B18).
7=B5*$B$19Cost of sales: forecast for units sold (row 5) times
product cost (cell B19).
8=B6-B7Gross margin: sales revenues (row 6) minus cost of
sales (row 7).
10Fixed valuesSales personnel expenses.
11Fixed valuesAdvertising budget (about 6.3% of sales).
12=0.15*B6Corporate overhead expenses: sales revenues (row 6)
times 15%.
13=SUM(B10:B12)Total costs: sales personnel expenses (row 10) plus
advertising (row 11) plus overhead (row 12).
15=B8-B13Product profit: gross margin (row 8) minus total costs
(row 13).
16=B15/B6Profit margin: profit (row 15) divided by sales revenue
(row 6).
18Fixed valuesProduct price.
19Fixed valuesProduct cost.
This is a typical marketing model that shows sales rising from a base figure (perhaps due to the sales
personnel) along with increases in advertising, but with diminishing returns. For example, the first
$5,000 of advertising in Q1 yields about 1,092 incremental units sold, but the next $5,000 yields only
about 775 units more.
You can use Solver to find out whether the advertising budget is too low, and whether advertising
should be allocated differently over time to take advantage of the changing seasonality factor.
Solving for a Value to Maximize Another Value
One way you can use Solver is to determine the maximum value of a cell by changing another cell. The
two cells must be related through the formulas on the worksheet. If they are not, changing the value in
one cell will not change the value in the other cell.
For example, in the sample worksheet, you want to know how much you need to spend on advertising
to generate the maximum profit for the first quarter. You are interested in maximizing profit by changing
advertising expenditures.
n
You will see messages in the status bar as the problem is set up and Solver starts working. After a
moment, you'll see a message that Solver has found a solution. Solver finds that Q1 advertising of
$17,093 yields the maximum profit $15,093.
n
discard the results and return cell B11 to its former value.
Resetting the Solver Options
Solving for a Value by Changing Several Values
You can also use Solver to solve for several values at once to maximize or minimize another value. For
example, you can solve for the advertising budget for each quarter that will result in the best profits for
the entire year. Because the seasonality factor in row 3 enters into the calculation of unit sales in row 5
as a multiplier, it seems logical that you should spend more of your advertising budget in Q4 when the
sales response is highest, and less in Q3 when the sales response is lowest. Use Solver to determine
the best quarterly allocation.
n
n
discard the results and return all cells to their former values.
You've just asked Solver to solve a moderately complex nonlinear optimization problem; that is, to find
values for the four unknowns in cells B11 through E11 that will maximize profits. (This is a nonlinear
problem because of the exponentiation that occurs in the formulas in row 5). The results of this
unconstrained optimization show that you can increase profits for the year to $79,706 if you spend
$89,706 in advertising for the full year.
However, most realistic modeling problems have limiting factors that you will want to apply to certain
values. These constraints may be applied to the target cell, the changing cells, or any other value that
is related to the formulas in these cells.
Adding a Constraint
So far, the budget recovers the advertising cost and generates additional profit, but you're reaching a
point of diminishing returns. Because you can never be sure that your model of sales response to
advertising will be valid next year (especially at greatly increased spending levels), it doesn't seem
prudent to allow unrestricted spending on advertising.
Suppose you want to maintain your original advertising budget of $40,000. Add the constraint to the
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