The Cold War 1946-1960 (-1991). Essential Question: What caused the Cold War? Who was to blame?

The Cold The Cold WarWar

1946-1960 (-1991)1946-1960 (-1991)

Essential Question:

• What caused the Cold War? Who was to blame?

YaltaYalta

• ChurchillChurchill

• RooseveltRoosevelt

• StalinStalin

• Decide fate of Decide fate of Germany & occupied Germany & occupied Eastern EuropeEastern Europe

• FDR diesFDR dies

• Harry Truman Harry Truman Becomes Becomes PresidentPresident

PotsdamPotsdam

• Truman, Stalin, ChurchillTruman, Stalin, Churchill• Treaty draftsTreaty drafts• War CrimesWar Crimes• Germany divided into zones of Germany divided into zones of

occupation—U.S., Britain, France, occupation—U.S., Britain, France, USSRUSSR

• Truman/Stalin distrustTruman/Stalin distrust

Hiroshima & NagasakiHiroshima & Nagasaki

• How did the Atom bomb change everything?

The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtain

• Winston Churchill ‘s Winston Churchill ‘s speechspeech

• Fulton, MissouriFulton, Missouri• Recognition of reality of Recognition of reality of

Soviet takeover of Eastern Soviet takeover of Eastern EuropeEurope

• Warning of dangers of Warning of dangers of Spread of CommunismSpread of Communism

Truman Doctrine

• Response to Greek Civil War & Response to Greek Civil War & Communist Activity in TurkeyCommunist Activity in Turkey

• Promised U.S. support for Anti-Promised U.S. support for Anti-Communist forcesCommunist forces

• Greek Communist Greek Communist withdrew to Yugoslaviawithdrew to Yugoslavia

ContainmentContainment• George KennanGeorge Kennan

• Soviet Union would threaten its Soviet Union would threaten its neighbors as long as there was a neighbors as long as there was a power vacuumpower vacuum

• Use counterforce to stop spread of Use counterforce to stop spread of CommunismCommunism

Start of Red ScareStart of Red Scare• HUAC: House Un-American Activities

Committee began to investigate – Federal government– Hollywood 10– Universities

• Creation of CIA

The Marshall The Marshall PlanPlan

•12 billion in aid to build & stabilize Europe

Prague Coup

Berlin Berlin AirliftAirlift

• Soviet Union tries to Soviet Union tries to force allies out of force allies out of West Berlin by West Berlin by closing Roads & RRclosing Roads & RR

• U.S. response to U.S. response to airlift all suppliesairlift all supplies

NATO & The NATO & The Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

Communist Revolution in ChinaCommunist Revolution in China

• Mao Tse Mao Tse DungDung

The Threat of Nuclear War--The Threat of Nuclear War--Russia develops the atom bombRussia develops the atom bomb

David Greenglass, Ethel’s brother

The Rosenbergs

The Red Scare:The Red Scare:

•McCarthyismMcCarthyism

•HUACHUAC

•Hollywood 10Hollywood 10

Korean WarKorean War• Limited WarfareLimited Warfare

Truman fired MacArthur—Truman fired MacArthur—wanted to invade Chinawanted to invade China

H-Bomb - 450 times more powerful then Hiroshima!

Second H-Bomb 1000 times more powerful than Hiroshima

Eisenhower’s Cold Eisenhower’s Cold WarWar >Hydrogen Bomb >Hydrogen Bomb >Death of Stalin >Death of Stalin >brinkmanship >brinkmanship >John Foster Dulles >John Foster Dulles

Massive Retaliation/Brinkmanship

• John Foster Dulles• “The ability to get to the verge

without getting into war is a necessary art.”

• Build up of Civil Defense Activities

How to survive a nuclear attack in war & at home?

How to survive a nuclear attack in war & at home?

Khrushchev

•Attacked Stalin•False Hope of freedom•Poznan Revolt & Massacre

Hungarian Revolt

• Eastern Europe Eastern Europe Rebels against Rebels against CommunismCommunism

• Soviet Invasions Soviet Invasions put down revoltsput down revolts

• NATO stayed outNATO stayed out

Space Race: Sputnik

• SputnikSputnik

• LaikaLaika

• Yuri GagarinYuri Gagarin

Space Race

U2 Spy Incident• American Pilot American Pilot

Gary Powers Gary Powers tried as Spy by tried as Spy by RussiansRussians

Effects of the Cold War

• Hostility between U.S. & Russia

• Hot Wars: Korea & Vietnam

• Fight to Spread Communism v. Democracy

• Possibility of Extinction of Mankind

• Military-Industrial Complex

• Red Scare

• Nuclear Fear & Paranoia