Nationalism and Nationalism and Sectionalism in the Sectionalism in the

Economy and Economy and SocietySociety

Name That President!!

• Louisiana Purchase• War of 1812• XYZ Affair• Era of Good Feelings• “Corrupt Bargain”• Proclamation of

Neutrality

• Embargo Act• Alien and Sedition

Acts• “Tariff of

Abominations”• War Hawks• Virginia and Kentucky

Resolutions

Market Revolution• Early-mid 1800s saw

a dramatic change in US economy

• The US underwent a “market revolution” by which people in the US began to shift from PRODUCING their own products to BUYING & SELLING them from other people

Technological Technological AdvancesAdvances•Caused more sectionalism because

each region (N & S) became more specialized– North: focus on factories and manufacturing– South: increased cotton production & trade

•ALSO caused increased nationalism because N & S began to depend on one another economically– South provided the North with the cotton

they needed to manufacture textiles

Technological Advances cont.

• Samuel Morse perfected the telegraph in 1832 by developing the Morse code– What effect do you

think the telegraph had on the US?

• Eli Whitney popularized interchangeable parts

Cotton gin

Expansion of slavery

The Cotton Belt by 1850

•John Deere developed a John Deere developed a plow in 1837 plow in 1837 that cut that cut cleanly allowing for labor cleanly allowing for labor time in fields to be loweredtime in fields to be lowered

•Cyrus McCormick patented a Cyrus McCormick patented a mechanical reaper in 1834, mechanical reaper in 1834, allowing more harvesting of allowing more harvesting of grain with less effortgrain with less effort

Technological Advances Technological Advances for the South and Westfor the South and West

Advances in Water Advances in Water TransportationTransportation

•Robert Fulton Robert Fulton stunned the nation stunned the nation when the when the ClermontClermont, a , a steamboatsteamboat, , traveled up the Hudson River from traveled up the Hudson River from NYC to Albany in 32 hoursNYC to Albany in 32 hours

•Success of steamboat brought Success of steamboat brought about construction of many canals. about construction of many canals. The Erie Canal The Erie Canal was completed in was completed in 18251825–Connected the Hudson River in Connected the Hudson River in eastern NY state & the northern eastern NY state & the northern part of Lake Eriepart of Lake Erie

Advances on LandAdvances on Land•Roads and turnpikes Roads and turnpikes were being were being

built as early as 1811built as early as 1811– National RoadNational Road: connected : connected

Maryland & IllinoisMaryland & Illinois•11stst attempt by federal government to attempt by federal government to fund construction of a highwayfund construction of a highway

•Railroads Railroads appear in the early appear in the early 1800s. They helped to:1800s. They helped to:– Transport settlers westTransport settlers west– Expand trade between the nations Expand trade between the nations

different regionsdifferent regions

National Road et al.

Cotton KingdomCotton Kingdom•South South was still relying on was still relying on the the Plantation SystemPlantation System

•Cotton gin Cotton gin allowed the allowed the South to produce cotton South to produce cotton much faster and much faster and keep up keep up with the industrial markets with the industrial markets in North and Europein North and Europe

Cotton Kingdom Cotton Kingdom cont.cont.

•Slave women worked Slave women worked along w/ men in fields, along w/ men in fields, maintained homes, and maintained homes, and raised familiesraised families

•By age of 8, slave children By age of 8, slave children were expected to workwere expected to work

Industrial NorthIndustrial North•Produced textiles Produced textiles at an extremely at an extremely

fast fast rate with the rate with the factory systemfactory system..–Samuel Slater established 1Samuel Slater established 1stst textile factory in UStextile factory in US

•Growing numbers of Growing numbers of immigrants immigrants to to North North provided for provided for cheap cheap laborlabor..

•Women and children were also a Women and children were also a large portion of those who large portion of those who worked in factories.worked in factories.

Slater’s factory

Lowell Mills

Francis Cabot Lowell – established 1Francis Cabot Lowell – established 1stst centralized factories in New Englandcentralized factories in New England

Hired primarily young, unmarried Hired primarily young, unmarried womenwomen

Industrial North cont.•Many who were farmers in the

North fled to cities to work in industry

•Middle and upper class that lived in cities now migrated to outskirts–Didn’t want to associate with “undesirables” or the poor

•Men were expected to work while women were expected to maintain the home and raise children

Industrial North Industrial North cont.cont.•Although most African

Americans in North were free, they were not given same rights

•They were usually segregated and not allowed to vote

•Riots over jobs often occurred between African Americans and poor whites

NativismNativism•The The hostility towards hostility towards foreigners foreigners by those already by those already in an areain an area

•Catholics were targeted the Catholics were targeted the mostmost

•Groups Groups were formed to were formed to push push for for laws banning immigrants laws banning immigrants and Catholics from holding and Catholics from holding officeoffice

American/Know-American/Know-Nothing PartyNothing Party

•July 1854-Nativists formed July 1854-Nativists formed the American Partythe American Party

•Membership was secret Membership was secret and and when a when a member member was asked was asked about the party his about the party his response would be “I know response would be “I know nothing” nothing”

•Party was nicknamed the Party was nicknamed the “Know-Nothings”“Know-Nothings”