The cold war

The Cold WarThe Cold War1945 - 19911945 - 1991

IGCSE HistoryIGCSE History

The Cold WarThe Cold War

The The Cold WarCold War, often dated from 1947–1991, was a sustained state of , often dated from 1947–1991, was a sustained state of political and military political and military tensiontension between the powers of the Western between the powers of the Western world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the world, led by the United States and its NATO allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and communist world, led by the Soviet Union, its satellite states and allies.allies.

The Long Term Caused of the CWThe Long Term Caused of the CW1.1. In 1917 the Russian Revolution took place and In 1917 the Russian Revolution took place and

Russian embraced Soviet Communism. Russian embraced Soviet Communism.

2.2. The USA was the richest and most powerful The USA was the richest and most powerful country in the world and as big as the USSR.country in the world and as big as the USSR.

3.3. The leaders of the USSR have very different The leaders of the USSR have very different beliefs about society, economics and politics.beliefs about society, economics and politics.

4.4. USSR was based on the idea of Soviet USSR was based on the idea of Soviet Communism while the USA is based on Communism while the USA is based on Democracy and Capitalism.Democracy and Capitalism.

5.5. Both countries strongly believe that the other is evil Both countries strongly believe that the other is evil and dangerous for the whole world. and dangerous for the whole world.

6.6. Both countries tried their best to influence other Both countries tried their best to influence other countries to their beliefs and ideologies.countries to their beliefs and ideologies.

Different Beliefs and IdeologyDifferent Beliefs and Ideology

A history of aggressionA history of aggressionIn 1918 the USA joined Britain, France and Japan to In 1918 the USA joined Britain, France and Japan to

destroy Soviet communism by force. They destroy Soviet communism by force. They invaded the Soviet Union in support of the “White invaded the Soviet Union in support of the “White Russians” in civil war with the Bolsheviks. They Russians” in civil war with the Bolsheviks. They failed but the hostility and tensions remained. failed but the hostility and tensions remained.

American troops in Vladivostok parading before the building occupied by the staff of the Czech-Slovaks. Japanese marines are standing to attention as they march on 1 August 1918.

United against HitlerUnited against Hitler

In 1941, Hitler invaded Soviet Russia. For a brief period until 1945 Russia united with the USA to defeat Hitler.

The Great Alliance of WW II

IN WORLD WAR II THE FAR LEFT AND THE RIGHT TEAMED UP TO DESTROY FASCISM

End of World War II (1945–47)End of World War II (1945–47)In 1945, as the In 1945, as the

destruction of destruction of Germany was Germany was inevitable. The inevitable. The Leaders of the Leaders of the winning countries winning countries though to settle what though to settle what should become of should become of Germany and Germany and countries invaded by countries invaded by Hitler. They started to Hitler. They started to talk and they first met talk and they first met at Yalta. It came to be at Yalta. It came to be known as the Yalta known as the Yalta Conference. Conference.

The Yalta MeetingThe Yalta Meeting

The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference was held February 4–11 in the Livadia Palace near Yalta, in the Crimea.

The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference

The heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister , and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.

The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta ConferenceTerms of the agreementTerms of the agreement:: Liberated countries will be given their own emergency Liberated countries will be given their own emergency

government; free election to be held soon to set up democratic government; free election to be held soon to set up democratic governments.governments.

Soviet take land from Poland and Poland given German lands.Soviet take land from Poland and Poland given German lands. The Lublin government shall share power with the London Poles. The Lublin government shall share power with the London Poles.

Free elections to be held soon. Free elections to be held soon. Russian POWs forced to join the German Army shall be sent Russian POWs forced to join the German Army shall be sent

back to the USSR. The Soviets executed about 10,000 of them.back to the USSR. The Soviets executed about 10,000 of them. Germany would be divided into occupied zones: French, British, Germany would be divided into occupied zones: French, British,

American and Soviet zones.American and Soviet zones. USSR agreed to help fight the Japanese for territories north of USSR agreed to help fight the Japanese for territories north of

Japan but they don’t have to do much fighting.Japan but they don’t have to do much fighting. The UN shall be set up and all countries must have veto power The UN shall be set up and all countries must have veto power

on the decisions of the Security Council.on the decisions of the Security Council.



People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989(Communist Poland)


The Occupied Zones



The Potsdam ConferenceThe Potsdam Conference


Later on in 1947 Truman would introduce the Truman Doctrine which was based on the idea of containment – the USA will do everything within its power and influence to stop the spread of communism.


Antlee, Truman and Stalin


The Iron CurtainThe Iron Curtainsymbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. On either side of the Iron Curtain, states developed their own international economic and military alliances.

The Iron CurtainThe Iron CurtainPhysically, the Iron Curtain took the form of border defenses between the countries of Europe in the middle of the continent. The most notable border was marked by the Berlin Wall, which served as a symbol of the Curtain as a whole

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The cold war