The Cold War

Part I. Origins of the Cold War

Part II. Cold War Clashes in the 1950s

Part I. Origins of the Cold War

U.S. –Soviet Tension Had Deep Roots• U.S. had been an anti-Communist power since the very beginning

– We had actually sent troops to Russia during WWI to try to crush the Communist Revolution occurring at the time

• Side note--- maintain a two front war on Germany – Remember the 1st Red Scare in the 1920s?– Remember that Stalin originally made a deal with Hitler to avoid conflict so

that Hitler could focus on defeating the Western democracies? – Remember how we delayed opening a ‘real’ 2nd front in WWII?

• We joined with the Soviets during WWII only because we hated Hitler more!

• After World War II, the U.S. Viewed the Soviet Union with renewed suspicion– Would Stalin really give up Eastern Europe after having conquered it by force

and at the cost of 20 million dead? – NO! – Stalin- “No one ever gives away at the conference table what they have won

on the field of battle.”

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Why a Clash? Ideology and Economics

• U.S. – private property and competition– Five freedoms

• Speech• Assembly• Religion • Press • Petition

• Soviet Union – no Private Property and shared consumption– Censorship, no religion, no freedoms

After WWII, Both Nations Attempted to ‘Seize the Strategic High Ground’

• In other words, if there is going to be a fight over the future direction of the world, get in the best position to win this fight

• Get Spheres of Influence– Definition? – Why were there so many countries ‘up for grabs’

at this point?

America Attempted to Seize the High Ground

• Marshall Plan– U.S. gives billions of dollars to help rebuild war-torn

Europe– Why were we so nice? – We even offered money to Eastern European

countries held by the Soviet Union. • Why?

• Truman Doctrine– Rush American military supplies and forces to any

country threatened by Communism – Containment

Soviet Attempted to Grab the High Ground

• Stalin kept Eastern Europe– Set up puppet governments

• Stalin “No government has ever given up at the conference table what it has won with blood on the field of battle.”

Part II. Early Cold War Clashes

The Berlin Airlift• As a response to Containment, Stalin shut the roads into West Berlin

– What was West Berlin’s unique status at this point? • American Response?

– Supply the millions in West Berlin by air • 277,000 flights over the space of a year

– Made the Soviets look silly • “We stop you. Whoops… you have planes? Argh!

• Stalin eventually backed down and reopened the roads– U.S. – 1 U.S.S.R- 0

• First instance of Cold War ‘chicken’ – More officially called Brinksmanship– Meaning?

A Visual Approach

Berlin

•Can you think of why a tiny piece of a democratic country in the middle of a Totalitarian country was such a threat?

•Impossible to maintain censorship!

NATO and the Warsaw Pact

• During the Berlin Airlift, western democratic nations formed an alliance group to demonstrate their solidarity (unity) against the Soviets– NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• The Soviets responded with their own organization – The Warsaw Pact

Starting in 1949, Cold War Tension Grew Rapidly (out of control???)

• China fell to Communism – A bit of a failure of containment, no?

• The Soviet Union got the atomic Bomb • The Nuclear Arms Race

– H Bombs – Space Race/ICBMs – M.A.D.

Hydrogen Bombs• Not Only Did Weapons Have

Greater Range, but their destructive power grew

• Atom Bomb… Fission Bomb…

• Hydrogen Bomb… Fusion Bomb…

• The Hiroshima blast had exploded with the force of 15, 000 tons of dynamite. The largest hydrogen bombs today explode with the force of 60,000,000 tons of dynamite. So a bomb today is like 4000 Hiroshimas.

• In a test with a 50 megaton Soviet bomb, people 50 miles from the site of the blast were blown off of their feet.

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Space Race- In 1957, Sputnik Increased the Atom Bomb Hysteria

• Basketball shaped Soviet satellite – Why would

this increase fear?

• Sputnik II included a dog named Laika.

• ICBMs… • Interesting side not that it

was basically the American’s Germans competing against the Soviets Germans…

MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) • By the 1960s, it was fairly clear that in a

nuclear war, everyone would die.

• Even if the bombs didn’t kill everyone, scientists predicted a nuclear winter and nuclear fallout would

• Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado

• Things started to get crazy. The Soviets started work on a system to shoot down ICBMs. The U.S. responded by creating ICBMs with multiple warheads, so the missile could split and hit 10 or more cities and avoid being shot down.

• M.A.D= Everyone will die, so don’t even start!

• Light Blue = Nuclear States (OK under UN NPT)• Red= Nuclear States (not OK’d by UN NPT) • Yellow= Everyone believes Israel has a nuke but Israel denies it • Black= suspected of trying to join the nuclear club (against wishes of UN

NPT) • Dark Blue = NATO countries that have weapons stationed in them by light

blue states• Green= Countries that had nukes at one time, but dismantled them to be

in accordance with UN NPT

So why was it called a “Cold War?”

• Fear of direct U.S. Soviet confrontation– Too dangerous M.A.D.

• So you fight (war) for world control but in every way short (cold) of full scare war

• Oh, so there was no fighting in the Cold War? – Not so fast… Proxy Wars

Proxy Wars

•We can’t fight directly, but maybe we can fight indirectly, through ‘stand ins’ (or ‘Proxies’)•Anybody know the name of the early 1950s Proxy War between the U.S. and USSR/China?

•Korean War!

HansenU.S. History

The Cold War

Part I. Origins of the Cold War • U.S. –Soviet Tension Had Deep Roots

– U.S. had been an anti-Communist power since the very beginning• We had actually ________________________________ to

try to crush the Communist Revolution occurring at the time

– Side note--- _____________________on Germany • Remember the ____________________ in the 1920s?• Remember that Stalin originally ___________________

_______________________ so that Hitler could focus on defeating the ___________________ ?

• Remember how we delayed opening a ______________ ______________________________________?

– We joined with the Soviets during WWII only because __________ ___________________________!

– After World War II, the U.S. Viewed the Soviet Union with renewed suspicion

• Would Stalin really give up Eastern Europe after having ___________________ and at the cost of _____________?

• NO! • Stalin- “No one ever gives away at the _____________ what

they have won on the __________________.” • Why a clash? Ideology and Economics

– U.S. • _______________________________• Five freedoms

– Speech, Assembly, __________, Press , Petition – Soviet Union

• ________________________________________________• Censorship, no religion, no freedoms

• After WWII, Both Nations Attempted to ‘Seize the Strategic High Ground’ – In other words, if there is going to be a fight over the future

direction of the world, get in _______________________________– Get Spheres of Influence

• Definition? -____________________________________ _______________________________________________

• Why were there so many countries _____________ at this point?

– __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

• America Attempted to Seize the High Ground• _____________________

• U.S. ____________________ to help rebuild ________________________________

• Why were we so nice? _____________________ ________________________________________

• We even offered money to Eastern European countries held by ___________________.

• Why? - _____________________________• Truman Doctrine

• Rush American military supplies and forces to any country _______________________________

• __________________________• Soviets Attempted to Grab the High Ground

• Stalin kept ______________________• Set up __________________

Part II. Early Cold War Clashes• The Berlin Airlift

• As a response to Containment, Stalin _____________________ __________________________________________________

• What was West Berlin’s unique status at this point? ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

• American Response? • Supply the millions in West Berlin ______________

• ________________ over the space of a year• Made the Soviets ______________

• We’ll stop you. Whoops… you have planes? ____”

• Stalin eventually ______________ and ___________________

• U.S. – ____ U.S.S.R- ______• First instance of _____________________________

• More officially called _________________• Meaning? -

___________________________________ ______________________________________________

• NATO and the Warsaw Pact – During the Berlin Airlift, _________________________ formed an

alliance group to demonstrate their solidarity (______) against the _____________

• NATO ________________________________________– The Soviets responded with their own organization

• ______________________________• Starting in 1949, Cold War Tension Grew Rapidly (________________???)

– ______________fell to Communism • A bit of a ____________________________, no?

– The Soviet Union got the _________________________– The Nuclear ___________________

• H Bombs• Space Race/ICBMs • M.A.D.

• Hydrogen Bombs – Not Only Did Weapons Have Greater Range, but their _________

__________________________________– Atom Bomb… Fission Bomb… – Hydrogen Bomb… ___________________… – The Hiroshima blast had exploded with the force of 15, 000 tons of

dynamite. The largest hydrogen bombs today explode with the force of _____________________ tons of dynamite. So a bomb today is like _____________ Hiroshimas.

– In a test with a ________________ Soviet bomb, people _______ _____________________________ were blown off of their feet.

• Space Race- In 1957, _____________ Increased the Atom Bomb Hysteria– ___________________ Soviet satellite

• Why would this increase fear? ____________________ ______________________________________________

• Sputnik II included a _____________________________– ICBMs… - ____________________________________________

____________________________________________________– Interesting side not that it was basically the American’s _________

competing against the Soviets _____________…

• M.A.D. (________________________________) • By the 1960s, it was fairly clear that in a nuclear war,

_____________________________. • Even if the bombs didn’t kill everyone, scientists predicted a

nuclear winter ( _________________________) and nuclear fallout (__________________________________ ) would

• _____________________________ in Colorado• Things started to get crazy. The Soviets started work on a

system to ______________________________. The U.S. responded by creating ICBMs with __________________, so the missile could split and hit ________________________ and avoid being shot down.

• M.A.D= ________________________________________! • So Why Was it Called the Cold War?

• Fear of ________ U.S. Soviet confrontation• Too dangerous M.A.D.

• So you fight (_______) for world control but in every way short (______________ ) of full scare war

• Oh, so there was no fighting in the Cold War? • Not so fast… _____________________

• We can’t fight directly, but maybe we __________________, through ‘______________________’ (or ‘Proxies’)

• Anybody know the name of the early 1950s Proxy War between the U.S. and USSR/China?

• ______________