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AP World HistoryMr. CharnleyLatin American RevolutionsLatin American RevolutionsCausesAmerican Revolution1775-1783Model for political separation from mother countryFrench Revolution1789-1815Model for promoting social equalityRejected by elites for being too radicalHaitian Revolution1791-1804How NOT to organize a revolution (ruling European elites were killed)

Haitian RevolutionSocial Structuregrands blancsEuropean aristocratspetits blancsPoor Europeansgens de couleurFree mulattoesAfrican slaves90% of population

Haitian RevolutionSlave Revolt1791-1804French Revolution inspires European colonists to resist French ruleAfrican slaves revolt against French colonistsEuropean armies cannot adapt to guerrilla warfare or jungle climateToussaint LOvertureFreed slaveEnlightened leaderBlack George Washington

Haitian RevolutionEffectsOnly successful African slave revoltAll citizens are legally and socially equalKilled or drove out EuropeansAbolished cash crop economyLed to poverty and political corruptionCaused fear of slave revolts among other European colonialsSource of pride for African slaves

French RevolutionNapoleonic WarsLost control of Haiti to slave revolt by 1804Invaded Spain in 1808 and replaced Spanish king with Napoleons brotherSpanish rebellion against French ruleCreole elites clashed with Spanish royal officials over control of the coloniesConquered parts of Germany and ItalyLost army in Russian invasionFailed to invade Great BritainDefeated by British led European coalition

MexicoMexican RevolutionMiguel de HidalgoCreole priestUnited Creoles with mestizos and natives against Spanish ruleStarted rebellion in 1810Lost support of Creoles and was executed by the SpanishAugustin de IturbideCreole military leaderSent by Spanish to destroy rebelsAllied with rebels to capture Mexico CityEstablished a monarchyMexican Empire = Mexico and Central AmericaReplaced by Republic of Mexico in 1824Central America separates into independent countries in 1838

South AmericaSimon BolivarCreole military leaderLed rebellion against Spain from 1817-1822Supported political independence and republicanismGran ColombiaVenezuela, Colombia, and EcuadorSplit up in 1830

ArgentinaArgentinaGranted autonomy by Spain in 1810Declared independence in 1816Spain still controlled BoliviaParaguay declared independence in 1813Uruguay resisted Argentinean control

ArgentinaJose de San MartinLed revolutionary movements from ArgentinaLiberated ChileLiberated PeruAllied with Simon BolivarBattle of AyacuchoWon over support of Peruvian Creole elites

BrazilEconomic ImportancePortuguese dependence on Brazilian cash cropsColonial elites feared political change would lead to social uprisings by the African slavesPolitical ShiftFrench invaded Portugal in 1807Portuguese royal government sets up in BrazilMercantilist trade ban is lifted

BrazilDom Joao VIKing of PortugalSet up royal court in Rio de JaneiroReturned to Portugal in 1820 after Napoleons defeatDom Pedro IMade regent of Brazil in 1820Declared Brazil independent in 1822Set up constitutional monarchyDid not change political or social structuresMonarchySlavery

EffectsIdeologyBased on Enlightenment idealsRepresentative governmentFree tradeIndividual libertiesSovereign and independent states

EffectsPolitical structureLed to creation of republicsOnly Mexico and Brazil remained monarchiesVoting still restricted to malesCreole elites believed masses were not ready for self-rule

EffectsSocial StructurePreserved taxation on mixed-race citizensAmerican Indians still paid tribute to governmentCreole elites did not trust mixed-race or American Indian populacePreserved power of the Catholic Church