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L ATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURE
HOW DID TOUSSAINT L’OUVERTURELEARN TO READ?
•Toussaint’s owner encouraged
him to learn to read and
write.
•Developed a passion for books
HOW DID THE FRENCH REVOLUTION INFLUENCE THE HATIANS?
•The free men of color wanted
the same rights proclaimed in
the Declaration of the Rights of
Man.
WHY DID THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT OFFER FREEDOM TO SLAVES IN HAITI?
•Freedom was offered to
those who joined the fight
against counter-
revolutionaries and foreign
invaders.
WHAT IMPACT DID THIS DECISION HAVE ON TOUSSAINT? WHAT ROLE DID HE PLAY IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS AGAINST THE BRITISH AND SPANISH?
•It was a factor in his decision to
join the French army.
•Under Toussaint’s leadership, the
French defeated the British and
Spanish forces.
WHAT WAS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THE CONSTITUTION THAT TOUSSAINT CREATED FOR HIS ISLAND? HOW DID THE RIGHTS PROMISED DIFFER FROM LIFE UNDER FRENCH RULE?•It provided for autonomy and
established Toussaint as governor for
life.
•It abolished slavery and aspired to
put in place a multiracial society.
WHAT HAPPENED TO HAITI WHEN NAPOLEON BONAPARTE CAME INTO POWER?
•Soldiers were sent to Haiti to
reestablish French authority and
slavery.
•Toussaint was arrested and deported
to France.
•He died on April 3, 1803
SIMON BOLIVAR
BOLIVAR JOINS THE INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT
Cause:
•Bolivar was a creole and not
allowed to attain high office.
•Was told the Spanish American
colonies had resources that could
make them powerful.
Effect:
•Helped remove the Spanish
viceroy from power.
•He would lead the
independence movement in
South America.
VENEZUELA DECLARES INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN
Cause:
•A group of rebels removed
the Spanish viceroy from
office.
Effect:
•Spanish fought back and
Bolivar led an army that was
forced to flee the country
BOLIVAR LEADS A SURPRISE ATTACK IN 1819
Cause:
•Bolivar received help from
Haiti
•Spain sent a huge army to
defend Latin America.
Effect:
•Bolivar’s army defeated
the Spanish in four battles.
•Venezuela won its
independence.
VENEZUELA WINS FORMAL INDEPENDENCE IN 1821
Cause:
•Bolivar’s army was strong
enough to defeat the Spanish
in four battles.
Effect:
•Peru and Upper Peru (Bolivia)
win their independence soon
after.
•Bolivar wanted to unite them
all as one country but not
everyone agreed.
CIVIL WAR BREAKS OUT IN 1826
Cause:
•Bolivar hoped these nations
would unite and become stronger.
•Bolivar’s closest allies believed
there should be several countries,
not one large one.
Effect:
•Bolivar declared himself military
dictator.
•Opponents tried to assassinate
him.
•Venezuela and Ecuador withdrew
from Gran Colombia
MEXICAN REVOLUTION (1910-1930)
Mexican Revolution
Porfirio Diaz ruled
Mexico for 35 years
Most Mexican citizens
were poor peasants who
worked on haciendas→
plantations
The peasants wanted democracy but their governments only catered to the foreign companies who were providing the wealth.
Diaz will step down in 1911when Liberals wanted free elections
This will lead to a bloody power struggle to control Mexico
Francisco Madero will be
democratically elected in
1911.
He is assassinated within
two years by Victoriana
Huerta.
Huerta will establish his
own dictatorship in Mexico
The peasants will rise up
again to challenge this new
dictator
Victoriano
Huerta
The Peasants will rally under two men…
Francisco “Pancho”
Villa
EmilianoZapata
“It is better to die on your feet
than to live on your knees.” -
Emiliano Zapata
“My sole ambition is to rid Mexico
of the class that has oppressed her
and given the people a chance to
know what real liberty means. And
if I could bring that about today by
giving up my life, I would do it
gladly.” -Pancho Villa
The two will gain support from the massive peasant population in Mexico
Venustino Carranzawas a wealthy landowner who wanted to help Villa and Zapata overthrow Huerta
Carranza will be elected president of Mexico in 1917
Venustino
Carranza
EFFECTS OF MEXICAN REVOLUTION
Constitution 1917:
Government
confiscated Church
lands
Granted more rights
for women and
workers
Social Reforms:
Government set up
libraries and
schools
Mexican mural paintings will depict the struggles of
the Mexican people and reject European influences
