Cold War 2 Review

Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet

Union

• Who was President Nixon’s most important Secretary of State?

• Henry Kissinger

• What was the relationship between the Soviet Union and communist China in the early 1970s?

• The Soviet Union and China were rivals for power.

• With what country did President Nixon begin to establish formal diplomatic relations in 1972?

• Communist China

• Who was the leader of communist China in 1972?

• Mao Zedong

•What was the capital of communist China?

•Beijing

•Who was the Soviet Union’s leader in 1972?

•Leonid Brezhnev

•What was the capital of the Soviet Union?

•Moscow

• What two countries were involved in the SALT talks?

• The United States and the Soviet Union

•What does SALT stand for?

•Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

• Name the Soviet-American discussions to establish limits on the number of nuclear weapons.

• The SALT talks

• Name the first treaty to establish limits on the number of nuclear weapons held by the United States and the Soviet Union.

• The SALT Treaty

• What two factors caused the Soviet Union’s collapse?

• Internal and external pressures

•What Republican became president in 1981?

•Ronald Reagan

• What American president called the Soviet Union “the evil empire”?

• Ronald Reagan

• What was the basis of President Reagan’s defense policy?

• A massive military buildup

• What was the effect of President Reagan’s military buildup on American relations with the Soviet Union?

• It increased tension between the United States and the Soviet Union.

• What action did President Reagan take in Western Europe during his first term?

• Reagan placed new nuclear missiles in Western Europe.

• How did the renewal of the arms race with the United States affect the Soviet Union during President Reagan’s presidency?

• It forced the Soviet Union to increase its military budget to keep up with the United States.

• What was the state of the communist economy in the Soviet Union during the early 1980s?

• Inefficient

• Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985? This leader was known for the policies of “Glasnost” and “Perestroika.”

• Mikhail Gorbachev

• What was the two-fold purpose of Gorbachev’s new policies?

• 1) Revive the Soviet economy 2) Reform the Soviet system

• What is the Russian word for openness?

•Glasnost

• Name Gorbachev’s policy of encouraging freedom of expression in the Soviet Union.

•Glasnost

• What Russian word referred to restructuring Soviet society?

•Perestroika

• What types of economic and political changes did Gorbachev want to occur in Soviet society?

• 1) Less government control over the economy; 2) Some private enterprise; 3) Steps toward democracy

• What type of restructuring did Perestroika do?

• Economic restructuring

• What expectations did Gorbachev’s new policies raise among the Soviet people?

• 1) Higher standard of living; 2) Increased freedom

• How did Gorbachev’s reforms affect the Soviet system?

• They placed more internal pressure on communism.

• With what movement did Gorbachev have to deal inside the Soviet Unon?

• Nationalism in the Soviet republics

• What were the two sources of external pressure on the Soviet government under Gorbachev?

• 1) East European satellites; 2) President Reagan

• What countries were Soviet satellites after World War II?

• The countries of Eastern Europe

• What does one call a nation that is formally independent, but dominated by another power?

• A satellite

• What was the name of the revolutionary labor movement in Poland during the 1980s?

• The Solidarity movement

• Who said, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”?

• President Ronald Reagan

• What structure divided East Berlin from West Berlin during the Cold War?

• The Berlin Wall

What was the best known symbol of the

Cold War?

•The Berlin Wall

• What was the communist part of Berlin during the Cold War?

• East Berlin

• What was the democratic part of Berlin during the Cold War?

• West Berlin

•What government built the Berlin Wall?

•East Germany

• Why was the Berlin Wall built?• To prevent people from

escaping from communist East Berlin to democratic West Berlin

• What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989?

• It was torn down.

• What happened in Germany in 1990?

• East Germany and West Germany reunited under the democratic West German government.

• What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991?

• It fell apart or collapsed.

•What were the three Baltic republics?

•Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

• What action did the Baltic republics take in 1991?

• They declared their independence from the Soviet Union.

• What precedent did the Baltic republics set in 1991?

• Other Soviet republics declared their independence from the Soviet Union.

• What political party was dismantled in the Soviet Union in 1991?

• The Soviet communist party

• What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day, 1991?

• He resigned and declared the Soviet Union had ended.

• What war, which began in 1945, ended by the end of 1991?

• The Cold War