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7/29/2019 The Cold War Lesson Plan
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The Cold War
Ch. 26
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Cold War: The era of confrontation and competition between the U.S. and
Soviet Union that lasted from 1946-1990.
Soviets wanted: Thought that communism was superior to capitalism.
Communism should be spread.
Guard against capitalism.
U.S. Wanted: Democratic government with
protection for rights.
Free enterprise with private
ownership of property.
Limited government involvement in
the economy.
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Iron Curtain: The political and social
barrier that isolated East Europe from
West Europe.
At the Yalta conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to divide
Germany in to fourth zones. England, U.S., Soviet Union, and France would all
control one zone. Berlin would also be divided.
Tensions rose when the U.S. and
Soviet Union could not agree on
how democratic Poland would be.
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Marshall Plan: Gave European nations American aid to rebuild their economies.
Containment: Keeping communism within its present territory though the use of
military, economic, and diplomatic actions.
Truman Doctrine: Its goal/vow was to aid free peoples who are resisting attempted
subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
Its effect: In the long run, it pledged the U.S. to fighting communism worldwide.
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West Germany was founded in early 1948 when the U.S. France, and England merged
their occupation zones together.
Its official name was the Federal Republic of Germany.
Its birth convinced the Soviets they would not get the reparations they wanted.
In late June 1948, Soviet troops cut all road and rail traffic to West Berlin. Theblockade provoked a crisis.
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Berlin Airlift
The challenge was to keep West Berlin alive without provoking war with the Soviets.
For 11 months, cargo planes supplied Berliners with food, medicine, and coal.
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NATO: (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) The mutual defense alliance between
West Europe and the U.S. NATO members agreed to come to the aid of any member
who was attacked.
Warsaw Pact: The Soviet response to NATO,
which was a military alliance in Eastern Europe.
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To prevent a Communist revolution in China , the U.S. sent 2 billion in aid to
Chinas nationalist government. It squandered this aid and by 1949, Chinahad fallen to the Communists.
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The Korean War
After World War Two ended, the Allies and the Soviet Union formed North
and South Korea on the Korean Peninsula.
On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops attacked South Korea and rapidly
drove back the South Korean forces.
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FYI: American forces were ordered into battle. American and South Korean forces
were pushed back to a small pocket of territory.
The war turned when MacArthur invaded the port of Inchon behind enemy lines
In November of 1950, the Chinese joined North Korea.
Limited War: A war fought to achieve a limited objective, such as containing
communism.
The war settled into a stalemate, and then a draw.
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Subversion: Is the effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government.
HUAC: Formed n 1938 to investigate Fascistsand Communists in America. It was a small
organization until FBI Director Hoover
catapulted it to prominence.
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Rosenbergs: A New York couple who were
members of the Communist Party. The
government charged them with heading a Soviet
spy ring. They were executed.
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During the Army-McCarthy hears, millions of Americans watched him bully
witnesses. His popular support started to fade. When he tried to strike at the
defense lawyer, Welch, exploded at McCarthy. McCarthy lost the power to arose
fear.
Censure: Formal disapproval.
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American life and government was
dominated by a fear of communism and of
nuclear war.
Fallout: Radiation left from an atomic
blast.
Fallout shelter: Shelters built in the
backyard stocked with food. Americanswould live in them to survive a nuclear
war.
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Eisenhower was elected because Americas were looking for someone they could trust
to lead the nation in its Cold War struggle against communism.
Massive
Retaliation:
To threatenthe use of a
nuclear
weapons if a
Communist
state tried
to seizeterritory by
force.
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Brinkmanship- the willingness to got to the brink of war to force the other side to bck
down.
The threat of nuclear war seemed to work forKorea. In July 1953, negotiators signed an
armistice. North and South Korea set up a
demilitarized zone. American troops are still in
South Korea.
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CIA: Established by Eisenhower to prevent Communist uprisings.
Eisenhower decided to use covert, or hidden operations.
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The U.S. stopped developing nations from joining the Communist camp by
providing them with financial aid. The CIA also staged covert operations
to overthrow anti-American leaders and replace them with pro-Americandictators.
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Nikita Khrushchev- In 1953, Stalin died. Khrushchev emerged as the leader of the
USSR.
Summit: Formal face to face meeting from leaders of different countries to talk
about important issues.
FYI: While at the summit meeting, Khrushchev requested to visit Disneyland. Citingsecurity reasons, he was denied. He was very upset.
Eisenhower warned America during his farewell speech to be on guard against
the immense influence of a military-industrial complex in a democracy.
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Lasting Cultural Effects: