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THE COLD WAR
THE WORLD DIVIDED1945-1975
N.A.T.O. versus WARSAW PACT
MILITARY ALLIANCES
1956, HUNGARY
DISSIDENCE IN THE EASTERN BLOC
1968, the Prague Spring
DISSIDENCE IN THE EASTERN BLOC
It was the period of constant tension between the end of WWII (1945) and the end os USSR (1991).
After WWII, USA and USSR carried out a diplomatic conflict called: COLD WAR.
THE COLD WAR
CONSTANT TENSION
Each superpower aimed to demonstrate and increase its own
power.
Each superpower aimed to limit or
reduce the influence of the other.
THE COLD WAR
However, both the Americans and the Soviets wanted to avoid a direct military confrontation, since this could lead to nuclear war.
THE COLD WAR
PRELUDE TO THE COLD WAR:
THE DETERIORATION RELATIONS BETWEEN THE
ALLIES
1946: Churchill denounced in a famous speech that "from Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, has fallen on the continent (Europe) an iron curtain."
PRELUDE OF THE COLD WAR
Iron curtain :
It described the increasing influence of the USSR on the Eastern Europe.
It confirmed that the understanding between the Allies was breaking.
PRELUDE OF THE COLD WAR
The Civil War in GreeceCommunist and monarchics fight for the power in
the government.Truman decided to support the Greek monarchics in
order to avoid the Communists to seize power.
Policy of containment or doctrine Truman: Truman decided to support theanti-communist in every part of the world.
PRELUDE OF THE COLD WAR
USA and USSR reinforced their spheres of influence:
PRELUDE OF THE COLD WAR
USA1947: Marshall Plan
Program of economic support to restore the European economy. USSR obliged Eastern Europe to reject it.
USSR1947:Kominform
Organisation to coordinate the support to the Communist parties all over the world.
INITIAL CONFLICTS (1948-1962
In this context, USA and USSR participated indirectly in political and military conflicts between other countries.
The 1948 Berlin Blockade
The Korean War 1950-1953
The 1956 Suez Crisis
The building of the Berlin Wall
The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
INITIAL CONFLICTS1948-1962
Just three years after the end of WWII, the first conflict of the Cold War took place: the crisis of Berlin.
THE 1948 BERLIN BLOCKADE
The Allies unify their zones of occupation, USSR blockades Western Berlin…
THE 1948 BERLIN BLOCKADE
The Western Allies aid their sector in Berlin by air.
THE 1948 BERLIN BLOCKADE
Planes weren´t attacked by the Soviets because they were afraid of a nuclear response by USA…
THE 1948 BERLIN BLOCKADE
Federal Republic of
Germany (known as
West Germany) German
Democratic Republic
(Known as East Germany or the GDR)
Berlin remained
divided into eastern and
western zones
Two new countries appeared: FRG (capitalist) and RDA (communist).
After the defeat of Japan, Korea had been divided in a northern communist zone and a southern capitalist zone.
In 1950 North Korea, supported by USSR and China, invaded South Korea.
The U.N. condemned the invasion and approved the intervention of USA.
THE KOREAN WAR 1950-1953
THE KOREAN WAR 1950-1953
The conflict ended with the division of the two countries along the 38th parallel. In 1953 the peace was signed and the borders of 1950 were maintained.
THE KOREAN WAR 1950-1953
THE 1956 SUEZ CRISIS
• Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal, which had been controlled by France and Great Britain.
• Nasser was supported by the USSR.
French and British troops were sent to Egypt, but the USA did not support this operation so the troops were withdrawn.
There were great differences between the Western and the Eastern Berlin:Western Berlin was richer and had a political
regime of freedom.
Reaction: people in Eastern
Berlin migrated to Western
Berlin.
THE BUILDING OF THE BERLIN WALL (1961)
The Communist authorities of the GDR decided to separate their sector of the western zone of the city in order to stop the emigration:1961, 13th August: the wall was built, dividing
Berlin and the Berliners during 30 years.
THE BUILDING OF THE BERLIN WALL (1961)
The wall of Berlin impressed the world and became a symbol of the Cold War.
Until 1959 there was a militar dictatorship in Cuba led by Fulgencio Batista.
THE 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
In 1959, Fidel Castro deposed the dictator Batista En 1959, but the USA opposed the Cuban Communist regime, which became closer to the USSR.
It was the first time that the USA had his rival so close.
In 1962, Castro gave permission for the USSR to install nuclear weapons on the island.
In response, Kennedy decreed the naval blockade to avoid the arrival of Sovietic material to Cuba.
THE 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
THE 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
During 13 days, it was thought that a war between the two blocs was possible.
Retratos en versión cómic de los personajes involucrados de forma mas directa en la crisis de los misiles: Krusev, URSS; Kennedy, EE.UU y Fidel Castro, Cuba.
Fueron los mandatarios que durante 13 dias mantuvieron en vilo al mundo entero en torno a una Tercera. Guerra mundial , con armas aun mas poderosas que las usadas en la anterior guerra, sin duda hubiese sido el fin del mundo como lo conocemos actualmente.
THE 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
During 13 days, the world was afraid of being at the beginning of the THIRD WORLD WAR.
Finally, after tense negotiations between Kennedy and the Soviet leader Khrushev, the USSR finally agreed to withdraw the weapons from Cuba.
THE 1962 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
1963-1975PEACEFUL
COEXISTENCE
PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE
In the 1960s, a new era or peaceful coexistence began, characterised by greater dialogue between the two superpowers.
Kennedy and Krushchev were more flexible in
their negotiations with one another than previous
leaders had been.
A number of international disarmament
conferences took place, with the aim of preventing
nuclear war.
Video Cuban Missiles crisis
THE BEGINNING OF THE PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE
PEACEFUL COEXISTENCEHOT SPOTS
THE VIETNAM WAR (1961-1975)
LA GUERRA DE VIETNAM It was the bloodiest conflict of this
period.Vietnam became independent of
France in 1954 and was divided in
two parts by the 17th parallel:North Vietnam: CommunistSouth Vietnam: Anti-communist.
PEACEFUL COEXISTENCEHOT SPOTS
THE VIETNAM WAR (1961-1975)
In South Vietnam the procommunist Vietcong guerrillas had appeared to try to join the country to North Vietnam.
THE VIETNAM WAR (1961-1975)
When did USA intervene?1962: USA intervened when Kennedy sent military
advisers to South Vietnam to prevent the fall of the anti-communist regime.
Why did USA intervene?Because they were afraid of
the fact that if Vietnam unified
under a Communist regime,
other countries would be
absorbed by the Sovietic bloc.
THE VIETNAM WAR (1961-1975)
In the following years, president Johnson sent American troops to help the government of South Vietnam.
In 1968 there were half a million American soldiers.
THE VIETNAM WAR (1961-1975)
The conflict spread to Laos and Cambodia.
THE VIETNAM WAR (1961-1975)
This war was very unpopular in the USA, because of: It long duration.A lot of casualties.The Vietcong was not defeated in spite of the
superiority of the American troops.
http://www.historiasiglo20.org/GLOS/vietnam.htm
THE VIETNAM WAR (1961-1975)
President Nixon started a gradual withdrawal of the USA, which finished in 1974.
In 1975, South Vietnam was defeated and Vietnam became unified.
In 1948, the territory of Palestine was divided into two separate states.
THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
One of these was Israel, which was created as a homeland for the Jewish people in the British mandate in Palentine.
However, the Arabs the creation of the state of Israel. who lived in Palestine strongly opposed
In 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was established.
THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
Yasser Arafat
Since 1960s, disputes between the Israelis and the Palestinians have been a source of constant tension and conflict in the Middle East.
THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
IsraelisSupported by
USA and Western European countries.
PalestiniansSupported by various Arab
states.
