The Cold WarStudents will be able to…1. Identify major events of the Cold War2. compare and contrast capitalism, communism, and socialism

Warm-Up: 1. What were two causes of the Cold War?2. What is the difference between capitalism and communism?

Homework: Khan Academy VideoWatch and take notes on the video “The Korean War.” Be prepared to take a short quiz on what you watch. The quiz will be open notes and be for the first ten minutes of class tomorrow. You will not receive more than 10 minutes, so if you arrive late, you will end at the same time as the other students end.

Vocabulary Check

Cold War: Non shooting conflict between the Soviet Union and their allies and the United States and their allies. Numerous secondary conflicts arise due to the Cold War.Truman Doctrine: A policy if the Truman presidency that called for supporting any nation resisting communism.Containment: A cold war policy that called for containing communism to areas already under its influence. This policy was proposed by U.S. President Harry Truman.Iron Curtain: A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union’s policy of isolation during the Cold War. The Iron Curtain isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world. Its most poignant symbol was the Berlin Wall.Domino Theory: The idea that countries bordering communist countries were in more danger of falling to communism unless the United States and other western nations worked to prevent it.Berlin Airlift: A re-supply operation to the city of Berlin that lasted 11 months during 1948-49 when the Soviet Union attempted to close off the city.NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an international defense alliance between the United States, Great Britain, and others formed in 1949 as a response to the spread of communism.Warsaw Pact: An international defense alliance between the Soviet Union and many of its Eastern European satellite states as a response to NATO. Formed in 1955.

Major Events of the Cold War

-The Soviet Union had problems maintaining control over its satellite states.  Life was virtually unbearable despite the promises of communism, and any group willing to fight the Soviets had the support of the United States.  In 1956, shortly after taking power with the death of Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev, ordered Soviet troops into Hungary to put down a rebellion.  Hungarian freedom fighters had believed the West would help.  It did not, which allowed the Soviet government uncontested control in eastern Europe.  In 1968, the Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, who claimed that the Soviet Union had the right to involve itself in the affairs of any communist country. This is known as the Brezhnev Doctrine.Khrushchev, Nikita :(1894-1971) Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. Khrushchev was critical of Stalin’s policies and attempted to reverse some of them. He is responsible for placing nuclear missiles in Cuba which resulted in the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Brezhnev, Leonid :(1906-1982) Leader of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982. During his control of the Soviet Union, relations with the West, as well as the Soviet economy, experienced a long period of stagnation.

Cuban Missile Crisis

The world teetered on the brink of destruction during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1961.  Fidel Castro had allied himself with the Soviet Union for economic support and protection from the United States.  The U.S. had been involved in the Bay of Pigs invasion, which had failed.  Khrushchev then began building Soviet missile installations in Cuba.  Upon discovery, the United States confronted the Soviet Union and demanded the missiles be removed.  For nearly two weeks, nuclear war was imminent.  Eventually, diplomacy succeeded and war was averted. 

Bay of Pigs :An unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961, which was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.

Cuban Missile Crisis :(1961) Crises that developed as a result of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro’s decision to allow the Soviet Union to base nuclear missiles in Cuba. Upon discovery, the United States confronted the Soviet Union and demanded the missiles be removed. For nearly two weeks, nuclear war was imminent. Fortunately, diplomacy succeeded and crisis was averted.

Korean War

The Korean War was the first instance of open warfare which pitted communism against capitalism.  The U.S. believed in the domino theory, which stated that nations sharing borders with communist countries were in imminent danger of falling under the sway of that country.  North Korea had become a communist state with the backing of Mao Zedong's China.  South Korea had chosen democracy in the wake of WWII.

In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea by crossing the 38th Parallel, the latitude line which divided the Korean peninsula.  The invasion forced the United Nations into involvement with UN forces being comprised largely of American troops.  American involvement brought China into the war which raged back and forth across the 38th Parallel for three years of brutal fighting, often in sub-zero conditions.  In 1953, an armistice, or end to conflict, was signed which re-established the 38th parallel as the border between North and South Korea.  Therefore, three years of war resulted in absolutely nothing. 

Mao Zedong :(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People’s Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

The Vietnam Conflict

The Vietnam Conflict was similar to the Korean War.  Communist Northern Vietnam had invaded democratic Southern Vietnam in the early 1960's.  Northern forces, the Viet Cong, were under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh and were receiving aid from the Soviet Union and China.  As guerrilla tactics were proving effective against American forces, the U.S. escalated the conflict by sending in more troops.  This escalation, and the subsequent invasions of Cambodia and Laos, turned the American public against its government.  Finally, under the leadership of Richard Nixon, American troops left Vietnam, ending the war in the early 1970's. Vietnam Conflict/War :A war in the country of Vietnam, first between the French and Vietnamese, as France was attempting to hold onto its colony. The second war was between the United States and the communist forces of North Vietnam, as the U.S. was attempting to keep South Vietnam free from communism. The North Vietnamese eventually won, forcing the United States to withdraw.Viet Cong :The name of the Vietnamese communist who fought against South Vietnam and the United States during the Vietnam War.

Ho Chi Minh :(1890-1969) Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. Supported by both communist China and the Soviet Union, he guided Vietnam through decades long warfare to emerge as a communist nation.

Afghanistan

-The Cold War experienced an easing of tension in the 1970's called détente.  However, this relative peace was shattered with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.  The USSR was forcibly exerting its power in a effort to establish Afghanistan as a communist state.  For ten years, a poorly trained and equipped Soviet army was repeatedly beaten by Afghan guerrilla forces being supplied by the United States.  The Soviet economy was completely disrupted and the Soviet public demanded an end to the war.  Many comparisons can be made with this conflict and the one between the United States and Vietnam. 

détente :A policy during the Cold War which was aimed at relaxing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. The policy calls for increase diplomatic and commercial activity.

24 DECEMBER 1979, THE INVASION BEGINS1. Elements of the 40th Army cross the Amu Daria river at Termez, moving towards Kabul on Highway 1 2. 103 Guards Airborne Division establishes an air corridor into Kabul 3. More elements of the 40th Army cross the border at Kushka in modern Turkmenistan, travelling to Kandahar via Heart

1979 - 1989, THE OCCUPATION OF AFGHANISTAN1. Soviet forces hold major towns and cities around the periphery of Afghanistan.2. Highway 1, the route connecting Kandahar to Kabul and Termez, and the border with Pakistan are the most hotly contested areas of the war 3. The central Hindu Kush mountain range and rural areas are left mostly to the mujahideen.

Stop and Jot

• What were the major events of the Cold War? What reasons were given for engaging in these conflicts?

Capitalism vs. Communism. vs. Socialism

• http://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/history/euro-hist/cold-war/v/communism

• Today, we are going to take a look at the Khan Academy video on The Cold War. Very specifically, we are going to take a look at the difference between capitalism, socialism, and communism. These concepts are asked about regularly on the Regents and are often topics that students get wrong.

• Be prepared to share you notes and thoughts about the topic.

Capitalism vs. Communism. vs. Socialism

• Exit Ticket:

• On the front, what is the difference between communism and capitalism?

• On the back, what is “wrong” with communism, if anything?