BELLWORK 1. How was the Cold War different than previous wars?2. Explain the strategies used to “fight” the Cold War.3. Describe the main economic and political difference between the West

and the USSR. Why would these differences be a threat to one another?4. What is Stalinism? How is it different than traditional Marxism? How is it

different than Maoism?5. In 6 words or less, explain why the US and USSR emerged as

superpowers after WWII. 6. THINKER: Many people perceived the US and USSR as “inevitable

enemies.” To what extent do you agree with this? What about those two countries made conflict “inevitable?”

How was the Cold War different than previous wars?• A conflict of ideas without actual

battlefields or armies facing off• Political, strategic, economic,

and ideological conflicts • War of ideologies: Capitalist

Democracy vs. Communist one-party state

• Struggle that contained everything short of war

• Competing social and economic ideologies

Wars: HOT vs. COLD• HOT war- actual fighting between

two forces.• COLD war- still a conflict but more of

ideas than actual battles. Fighting still occurs but not between the two major enemies.

Explain the strategies used to “fight” the Cold War.Conflict Democratic Support Communist Support

Greek Civil War (1946-49)

US & UK USSR & Yugoslavia

Arab-Israeli Conflict (1948-present)

US & UKIsrael

USSR, Afghanistan,Palestine, Syria

Korean War (1950-53)

US, UK, UN, South Korea

USSR, China, North Korea

Cuban Revolution (1953-59)

US USSR & Cuba

Laotian Civil War(1953-57)

US USSR & China

Vietnam War (1957-1975)

US, South Vietnam, UN

USSR, China, North Vietnam

Guatemalan Civil War (1960-1996)

US USSR

Conflict Democratic Support Communist Support

Congo Crisis (1960-65)

US & UK USSR

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

US & UKIsrael

USSR

Angolan Civil War (1974-2002)

US USSR

Afghan-Soviet War (1979-1989)

US & UK USSR

Iran-Iraq War (1980-88)

US USSR

Nicaraguan Civil War (1979-1990)

US USSR

What is a proxy war?

5

Six major strategies were used by both sides:

•1. Brinkmanship,•2. Espionage,•3. Foreign aid,•4. Alliances,•5. Propaganda,•6. Proxy wars.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1.

Describe the main economic and

political difference

between the West and the

USSR. Why would these differences be a threat to one

another?

Developmentof the Cold

War• United States

– U.S. thought that Soviet expansion would continue and spread throughout the world. (“Domino Theory”)

– They saw the Soviet Union as a threat to their way of life; especially after the Soviet Union gained control of Eastern Europe

• Soviet Union– They felt that they had won World War II. They had sacrificed the most (25 million

vs. 300,000 total dead) and deserved the “spoils of war.” They had lost land after WWI because they left the winning side; now they wanted to gain land because they had won.

– They wanted to economically raid Eastern Europe to recoup their expenses during the war.

– They saw the U.S. as a threat to their way of life

What is Stalinism?• How is Stalinism different than

Marxism?• 1929-1953• Collectivization• Five Year Plans• Great Purges• Establishment of Gulags• How did the Soviet victory over

Germany affect Stalin’s power?

Why did the US and USSR emerge as superpowers after 1945?

• Military Reasons– To defeat Germany, US became #1 air

power & USSR became #1 land force– France & Britain could not defeat

Germany– USSR lacked strong neighbors = regional

power

• Economic Reasons– US economy strengthened by war– US was committed to open trade– Eastern European nations needed a

dependable larger power

• Political Reasons– Democracy triumphed over

fascism– Communism triumphed over

fascism – USSR resisted Germany– Stalin’s influence in Europe– USSR’s strength prevented

instability in the region

Many people perceived the US and USSR as “inevitable enemies.” To what extent do you agree with this? What about those two countries made conflict “inevitable?”

HOMEWORK• Now that you know about the origins of hostilities

between the US and USSR, you are going to read about the steps that led to the division of Europe.

• Step One: Wartime Conferences – Tehran, Yalta & Potsdam

• Read pgs. 9-18 tonight!!!!• Only complete the first page of the worksheet!

Political/Economic Ideologies Review SkitsYour task…..

• In a group of three, create a skit that demonstrates understanding of a specific political/economic ideology.

• Your skit should emphasize:– Role of civilians– Role of government

• This is review! Make sure it is clear and easy to understand!

• Be ready to answer questions!

The groups…….• Liberalism• Conservativism• Socialism• Marxism• Maoism• Fascism• Capitalism