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THE COLD WAR COMES TO AN END
Modern World History
Destalinization
Stalin dies in 1953 Nikita Khrushchev
named Premier Denounces the
jailing/execution of Soviet citizens
Monuments to Stalin torn down
Stalingrad renamed Volgograd
Not Tough Enough
Hungary & Czechoslovakia attempt Revolutions Khrushchev &
Brezhnev put down revolutions violently
Tanks & Infantry restore pro-Soviet governments
Detente
Détente: foreign policy that sought to ease relations with the Communist world by increasing diplomatic, commercial, and cultural contact with Cold War enemies
Nixon to China (Feb. 1972) Nixon: “we want the Chinese
with us when we sit down and negotiate with the Russians.”
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks SALT (May 1972) Signed by Nixon & Brezhnev
Helsinki Accords limit ICBMs Signed in Aug. 1975 33 UN nations sign
The Evil Empire Crumbles
Mikhail Gorbachev (1985) Young (54) Promoted Glasnost
Openness, the free-flow of ideas and information
Churches reopened, censorship relaxed, prisoners released, etc
Promoted Perestroika Economic restructuring Goal: improve efficiency Goal: productivity
Promoted Democratic Reforms Result: election of new
legislature
The Evil Empire Crumbles
Ethnic Tensions Boil Over Baltic Nations
authority March 1990 Gorbi institutes economic
sanctions Troops kills 14 & wounds
100s Jan. 1991
Yeltsin criticizes Gorbi’s use of force
The Evil Empire Crumbles
August Coup Fails (1991) Hardliners – fearful of losing control Military detains Gorbi in the Black
Sea Tanks roll into Moscow Yeltsin leads popular opposition Military unwilling to fire on citizens Gorbi returns & resigns Communist Parliament votes to end
control 15 Soviets declare independence
Dec. 1991