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CONTENTS
PREFACE ........................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER-I...................................................................................................... 10
DARK AGES ................................................................................................. 10
CHAPTER-II .................................................................................................... 23
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GENERAL THEORIES AND CONCEPTS .......................................................... 23
CHAPTER-III.................................................................................................... 44
GENETIC ARCHAELOGY ............................................................................... 44
CHAPTER-IV .................................................................................................... 52
ORIGIN OF INDO-EUROPEANS .................................................................... 52
Chapter-V ....................................................................................................... 66
MINOAN CIVILIZATION ............................................................................... 66
CHAPTER-VI.................................................................................................... 76
MEGALITHIC CIVILISATION ........................................................................... 76
CHAPTER-VII................................................................................................... 86
SUMERIAN CIVILISATION .............................................................................. 86
CHAPTER-VIII................................................................................................ 102
INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION ..................................................................... 102
CHAPTER-IX .................................................................................................. 119
INTERPRETATIONS OF MIDDLE EASTERN SEALS ........................................ 119
CHAPTER- X .................................................................................................. 131
ASTRONOMY AND CALENDAR .................................................................... 131
CHAPTER-XI.................................................................................................. 145
NAVAGRAHAS ............................................................................................ 145
CHAPTER-XII................................................................................................. 155
INTERPRETATION OF INDUS SYMBOLS ...................................................... 155
CHAPTER- XIII............................................................................................... 175
VEDIC PERIOD .............................................................................................. 175
Figure 1: Saraswati river................................................................................32
Figure 2: Geb and Nut....................................................................................38
Figure 3: Depiction of Kalan dignified and original.........................................40
Figure 4: Depiction of Kalan...........................................................................40
Figure 5: Funeral Jars or storage jars?............................................................73
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Figure 6: Dolmen............................................................................................77
Figure 7: Sumerian chronology......................................................................88
Figure 8: Ziggurat...........................................................................................97
Figure 9: Marduk killing vritra......................................................................100
Figure 10: Marduk priest..............................................................................101
Figure 11: Great bath...................................................................................108
Figure 12: Goat seal.....................................................................................110
Figure 13: Naked Goddess...........................................................................122
Figure 14: Centaurs of Three big cultures....................................................125
Figure 15: Water carrier...............................................................................127
Figure 16: Indus seal - unicorn.....................................................................129
Figure 17: Planetary positions as per Hindu temple. ...................................149
Figure 18: Planet chart (or) Horoscope.........................................................150
Figure 19, Inanna fighting animals...............................................................163
Figure 20: The Goat seal..............................................................................164
Figure 21, Yogi Seal. Figure 22, Orion and surrounding constellations........165
Figure 23, Hunter on tree. (Indus seal depiction).........................................167
Figure 24, Orion and Canis Major constellations..........................................167
Figure 25: Sign of double axe.......................................................................168
Map 1: Human migration routes.....................................................................11
Map 2 Migration of Anatolian farmers............................................................52
Map 3: IE Migration as per Renfrew hypothesis..............................................53
Map 4: IE migration as per Kurgan hypothesis.............................................54
Map 5: Map of Crete and Santorini................................................................68
Map 6: Megalithic architecture - spread.........................................................79
Map 7: Map of Sumeria...................................................................................87
Map 8: Extent of Indus valley civilisation.....................................................105
Map 9: Sky map............................................................................................133
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Table 1: Human migration details..................................................................14
Table 2: Evolution of man and different metal ages.......................................28
Table 3: General chronology..........................................................................30
Table 4: Minoan chronology..........................................................................67
Table 5: Analysis of symbols as per Hemtun...............................................127
Table 6: Jyotish Wheel..................................................................................143
Table 7: Details of Horoscope chart.............................................................152
Table 8: Vedic chronology............................................................................177
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DEDICATION
He not only guided me like the North Star,
but he was the boat, on which I sailed;
and crossed the sea of life.
She was not only the paddle,
which helped me through the ocean;
but she was the life jacket,
which assured me that
I was not alone in this world.
This book is dedicated to my father, Late Shri Ramasamy, who had inspired
me to take up the civil service job. His suggestion that study of history is an
integral part of civil service examination had resulted in my eternal love for this
subject. He had also opened my eyes to a never-ending source of literature, which
has become my hobby as well as the guiding lamp in my life. In addition to that,
this book is further dedicated to my mother, Late Smt. Andal, who had nursed herhopes on our success in life through education and sustained it with lots of
sacrifice throughout her life.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is important that a proper acknowledgement is written after completion of the
book. Earlier, I used to find it amusing the way authors used to make
praises of their wives and family members for their support and patient
bearing of the difficulties. Now, after attaining maturity on the ways of life
and the experience of writing a book; I realise that writing a book is a long
term effort and it materialises because of proper understanding among
family members. I am grateful to my wife Shobana for patiently listening
to my new theories and ideas on Indus culture. She also helped me by
teaching, how to handle the MS-Word programme. My thanks are due to
my daughter Krishna Priya for helping me out through various intricacies
of GIMP-2 programme (Image manipulation programme). I am highly
indebted to all my family members who had been helpful to me innumerous ways, which will need lot of space and time to list out. If I start
narrating
